Organization of the body Flashcards
Anatomy
Looks at the structure of the body and location (ex: size and shape)
Physiology
how the body works
* the way the job is done is dependent on anatomy
Example of interrelationship of structure and function
- Epithelial cells form the covering of body surfaces, help secret, absorb, excrete, filter, and sense
- Nose hairs line the inside of the cavity to protect your lungs from dust, pollen, other allergens
- Calcium in bones helps to provide the skeletal structure and structure
Level of structural organization
- Chemical level - atoms, molecules (ex: cystic fibrosis, faulty chloride ion in the body)
- Cell level - living once we get into this name, can all look different
- Tissue level - Cells being put together, used for jobs together
- Organ level - tissue makes organs, have to use 2 or more different types of tissue to be an organ
- System level - grouping organs together to get a broad structure
- Organism- collection of all organs
Epithelial Tissue
Function is to cover and line being a selective barrier
Connective Tissue
Function is to support, connect, and give structure to other tissue and organs in the body
ex: blood, bone, ligament, and tendons
* (blood and bone have fats)
Muscle tissue
Function is to allow the tissue to shorten (by stimulation)
*this is the only tissue that can do this function
ex: heart, skeletal muscle, stomach
Nervous Tissue
Function is to regulate and control. Senses and brings info the the control center so your body can respond
ex: hunger, temperature
Anatomical Position
Palms forward, feet slightly spread apart
*this is the position you always start off of
Bilateral Symmetry
On the outside cuts the body in half, but only on the outside does this work. Sometimes can work inside.
ex: ovaries, eye, arm, ear
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
superior
Closer to the top of the head
Inferior
Further from the head, closer to tail
Ventral (Anterior)
Along the front side of the body, close to belly
Dorsal (posterior)
Farther from the front, close to the back
Medial
Right on the midline of body or close to it
Lateral
Position away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Closer (used for extremities)
-related to a reference point
Distal
Further away
-related to a reference point
Superficial
Closer to the surface
Deep
Further from the surface
ex: thalamus
Sagittal
Off center to medium (of body)
Midsagittal (median)
Right down the middle
Frontal (Coronal)
Gives you front and back view of the body
Horizontal (Transverse)
You will get a top piece and a bottom piece
Body Cavity
Spaces that hold organs
Name the two main body cavities
- Dorsal
- Ventral
Dorsal Body Cavity
Can be broken up into
1. Cranial Body Cavity
2. Vertebral Body Cavity
What is the membranes of the dorsal body cavity
Meninges
Name the fluid associated with the dorsal body cavity
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Ventral Body Cavity
Can be broken up into the Thoracic body cavity and Abdominopelvic body cavity (peritoneal)
Thoracic Body Cavity
Can be broken up into the Pericardial Body Cavity and R + L Pleural Body Cavity
Abdominopelvic Body Cavity (Peritoneal)
Can be broken up into Abdominal Body Cavity and Pelvic Body Cavity
-there are no structures that separate the abdomen from the pelvic region
Viscera
Internal Organ
ex: in the pericardial it is the heart
ex: in the pleural is it the lungs
Visceral Membrane
Covering organ
Parietal Membrane
-Lining covering the organ
Mediastinum
-area between the lungs
-an organ found there is the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and lymph node
Homeostasis
A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly
