Integumentary system Flashcards
Membranes
simplest of all organs (made up of two tissues)
Mucosae (mucous)
-lines body cavities that are open to the exterior can be simple columnar or stratified squamous
-found in respiratory, vagina, esophagus
Serosae (serous)
-line body cavities that are closed to the exterior
-visceral and parietal, no opening to the outside world, simple form
cutaneous
study as skin, now largest organ in the body
Synovial
-specialized connective soft tissue that lines the inner surface of synovial joint capsules
Function of the integument (skin)
- cover and protection from infectious agents
- body temp
- keeps water in
- protect from chemicals and sun
5.make precursor for vitamin D and calcium
6.Protect from mechanical trauma - Contain sensory receptors
Epidermis
outermost part of skin (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)
-skin is not exactly water proof
-
stratum germinativum (basalis) (most deep)
-single layer of cells on basement membrane
- undergoes mitosis
-about 75% are keratin makers
-25% melanin makers stay there
Stratum spinosum (Malpighi)
-8 to 10 layers thick,
-looks spiny due to keratinocytes
some mitosis occurs
stratum granulosum
- 1 to 5 layers
-thin
-grainy appearance
-process of keratinization occurs
Stratum lucidum
-only found in palms and soles
-known as clear layer
stratum corneum
-broad zone from 20-30 cells
-keratin and protein accumulate inside to protect skin against penetration and abrasion
-the glycolipid layer helps keep this layer “waterproof”
keratin
-fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, skin, and nails that make those structures hard and water resistant
rickets
vitamin D deficiency
melanin
-dark pigment formed by cells called melanocytes, imparts color to hair and skin
-made in membrane bound granules called melanosomes
-only found in the deeper layers of the epidermis
Dermis
-made of strong connective tissue
-its cells are those found in connective tissue proper, semi-fluid matrix embedded with fibers
-has two layers papillary and reticular
Papillary layer
-thin, superficial areolar connective tissue, where fine collagen and elastin fibers are woven together. Looseness allows phagocytes and other defensive cells to wander
-finger like projections that come to the surface (fingerprints) increase friction on the body
-made of 20% LFCT
Reticular layer
-deeper layer which accounts for 80% of the thickness of the dermis made of (DFCT)
-the network of blood vessels that nourish this is called dermal vascular plexus
-has a network of collagen fibers
Hypodermis
-underneath the dermis also called subcutaneous tissue
-not part of the skin but shares some of skin’s properties
-consist mostly of adipose tissue with some areolar connective tissue
-anchors skin to underlying structures, protects us from bumps, and act as shock absorber
Hair
-forms complex structural units, the hairs are long filaments
-hair has different functions, on head it protects from hair follicles, heat loss, sunlight.
-eyelashes protect from particles and nose hairs from particles
sebaceous glands
-oil glands, simple branched alveolar glands that form all over the body but palms and soles
-secrete a substance called sebum
-these are holocrine glands
-most develop as outgrowths of hair follicles
sudoriferous glands (eccrine)
-sweat glands far more numerous than apocrine and abundant on palms, soles of the feet, forehead
-secret sweat help regulate body temperature
sudoriferous glands (apocrine)
- located mainly in the axillary (armpit) and genital area
-sweat glands that contribute to stinky smell
-larger than sweat glands, they lie deep into the dermis
nails
-form a clear protective covering over the dorsal surface of the distal part of the finger
-contain hard keratin
The Inflammatory Response
mast cells: WBC that response to injury and release histamines and permanently change permeability of blood vessels there, So more water leaves blood (SWELLING) edema. You wash the area and more WBC come that undergo phagocytosis to clean up dead material (PUS). Looks red from increase blood flow to area. Blood is 100.4 F (38 C), that is why the area feels warm. Results in variable amount of pain
Burns 1st degree burn
only epidermis burned away, looks red b/c closer to connective tissue
Burns 2nd degree burn
went past epidermis, forms sacs of fluid in between epidermis
Burns 3rd degree burn
-full thickness burn, infection and dehydration is an issue
