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Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 > connective tissue > Flashcards

connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of connective tissue

A

-known for having a matrix
-can be widely scattered or loosely arranged but not bound to each other

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2
Q

Fibers

A

-a protein (non-living) made by a cell and dumped into the matrix
-things you add to the matrix change the type/quality
-can be found in muscle

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3
Q

what cell makes fibers?

A

fibroblast

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4
Q

collagen fibers

A

-in its natural state its white, fiber adds tensile strength, ability to bind
-parallel collagen is stronger
-ex: tendons, bones, ligaments

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5
Q

elastin fibers

A

-yellow and rubber like bands (needs ATP) to stretch and not let go, good healthy blood tissue has this. Damaged arteries and lungs do not have this
-found in lungs, skin, blood vessel walls

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6
Q

reticulin fibers

A

immature collagen, kind of strong, they connect to coarse collagen fibers but branch out forming networks that surround blood vessels and support soft tissue of organs
-found in basement membrane of epithelial tissue and around capillaries, testis and spleen

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7
Q

functions of connective tissue

A

-function depends on location in the body
-does more than just connect
1. binding and supporting
2.protecting
3.insulating
4. storing reserve fuel
5.transporting substances

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8
Q

Classification of connective tissue

A

1.Blood
2. Connective tissue (proper)
3. Bone
4. Cartilage

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9
Q

Type of matrix for blood

A

Fluid

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10
Q

Type of matrix for connective tissue proper

A

Fluid gel

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11
Q

Type of matrix for cartilage

A

Solid gel

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12
Q

Type of matrix for bone

A

Solid (mineralized, calcified)

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13
Q

Breakdown of connective tissue proper

A

-these are separated based on matrix (matrix based on cell)
1. loose fibrous connective tissue (areolar)
2. Adipose
3. dense fibrous connective tissue (collagenous)
4. elastic connective tissue
5. reticular connective tissue

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14
Q

Breakdown of cartilage tissue

A
  1. hyaline cartilage
  2. fibrocartilage
    3.elastic cartilage
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15
Q

Blood Characteristics

A

Fluid, connective tissue with fluid matrix
-has a variety of cells most are RBC’s who lose their nucleus to make room for more oxygen. But some are also white blood cells and platelets
-white blood cells help to fight pathogens

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16
Q

Function of blood

A

-transport oxygen and material from one place or another

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17
Q

Location of blood

A

blood vessels

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18
Q

Loose fibrous connective tissue (areolar) Characteristics

A

-LFCT
-Fluid gel with cells, fibers found everywhere. Has elastin fibers and binds one thing to another and allows WBC chance to move
- summer = more LFCT

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19
Q

Loose fibrous connective tissue (areolar) Function

A

-serves as packing material between other tissues, binds body parts and allows them to freely move
-epithelial rest on this due to their blood supply

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20
Q

Loose fibrous connective tissue (areolar) Location

A

-All over the body, used as a filler. underneath the skin
- holding body fluids
-supporting and binding other tissues
- defending against infection

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21
Q

Adipose Tissue (Characteristics)

A

-dynamic, matrix moves in and out, cells are tightly packed together
-they change size with the amount of fat they are storing
-highly vascular tissue
- Winter = more adipose tissue

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22
Q

Adipose Tissue Function

A

-greater nutrient storage capabilities than loose connective tissue
- holding body fluids
-supporting and binding other tissues
-defending against infection
-Insulation/ shock absorber/ energy storage

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23
Q

Adipose Tissue Location

A

accumulates in subcutaneous tissue

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24
Q

Adipocytes

A

-cell that holds fat, in a fat vacuole

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25
Q

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue (Collagenous)

A

-bundles of closely packed collagen fibers running in the same direction and parallel to each other (still have fluid gel matrix there -resting)
-has great resistance to tension
-no room for blood vessels (hard to heal a tendon b/c of this)
-forms tendons, ligaments

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26
Q

Fibroblast

A

manufacture fibers and small amount of ground substances

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27
Q

ligaments

A

-bone to bone connection

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28
Q

tendons

A

-muscle to bone connection

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29
Q

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue (Collagenous) Function

A

to form ligaments and tendons

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30
Q

Elastic connective tissue characteristics

A

-elastin fibers make this up, dense regular connective tissue

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31
Q

Elastic connective tissue Function

A

forms a few ligaments that are elastic, additionally much of the large arteries

32
Q

Elastic connective tissue location

A

-blood vessels and lungs

33
Q

Reticular connective tissue characteristics

A

-has reticular fiber, matrix is a combination of fluid gel
-reticular cells are a type of fibroblast

34
Q

Reticular connective tissue function

A

-filler in, so organs do not collapse
-forms internal framework that supports many free blood cells

35
Q

Reticular connective tissue location

A

-Soft organs (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow)

36
Q

Hyaline cartilage characteristics

A

-has a solid gel matrix (flexible)
-most abundant cartilage
-gets replaced by bone when you age
-babies have this when first born (easy to push out)

37
Q

Hyaline cartilage function

A

-provides structural support

38
Q

cartilage

A

-a type of connective tissue that is tough but flexible, providing rigidity to structure it supports
-lacks nerve fibers and is avascular
-receives nutrients by diffusion from blood vessels located in connective tissue

39
Q

chrondroblast

A

-cell that grows cartilage

40
Q

chondrocytes

A

-mature cartilage cells
-sits in a lacunae, more than one can fit inside a lacunae

41
Q

Hyaline cartilage location

A

-connects ribs to the sternum
- tip of nose(framework)
- ends of bones (shock absorbers)
-supports most of respiratory system passages
-makes up embryonic skeleton before bones form

42
Q

Fibrocartilage characteristics

A

-like hyaline cartilage but with collagen
-rows of chondrocytes alternate with rows of collagen fibers

43
Q

Fibrocartilage function

A

-hold body erect with flexibility

44
Q

Fibrocartilage location

A

-pubic area (pubic region of each coxal bone)
-skeletal backbone
-spongey cartilage of knee

45
Q

Fibrocartilage location

A

-pubic area (pubic region of each coxal bone)
-skeletal backbone
-spongey cartilage of knee

46
Q

Elastin cartilage characteristics

A

-identical to hyaline cartilage but has more elastin fibers

47
Q

Elastin cartilage function

A

provide strength and flexibility (stretchability)

48
Q

Elastin cartilage location

A

-forms the skeleton of the external ear and the epiglottis

49
Q

Osseous Tissue (bone)

A

-ability to protect body structures and support
-provide cavities for storing fat and making blood cells
-matrix similar to cartilage but mineralized
-bone is vascular

50
Q

osteoblast

A

bone building cell
-there for growth and repair of bone tissue

51
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells
-reside in the lacunae within the matrix
-cannot reproduce (mitosis) in lacunae, b/c so ridged
-only one per lacunae

52
Q

compact bone

A

-porous, room for blood vessels
-made of haversian structures

53
Q

Haversian system

A

-the structural unit of compact bone
-also called osteon

54
Q

Periosteum

A

glistening white double membrane, covers the external surface of the entire bone except the joints
- the outer layer of the periosteum is dense connective fibrous tissue (DFCT) (irregular version)
-the inner layer is the osteogenic layer containing osteoblast
-has rich supply of nerve fibers and blood vessels
peri = around
osteo= bone

55
Q

Volkmann’s canal

A

-lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone and connect the blood and nerve supply of the medullary cavity to the haversian canals

56
Q

Haversian canal

A

-canal in the center of each osteon contains small blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the osteocytes needs

57
Q

lamella

A

-each ring of matrix (ex:onion)

58
Q

canaliculi

A

-hairlike canals that radiate from the lacunae, connecting them to each other and the central canal
-provide intracellular communication and nutrient delivery

59
Q

lacuna

A

-a small space, cavity, or depression
-osteocytes are found in these

60
Q

spongy (cancellous) bone

A
  • honeycomb of needle like or flat pieces that contain open spaces filled with red or yellow marrow
    -also called trabecula
61
Q

diaphysis

A

-shaft of bone (compact bone predominate)

62
Q

epiphysis

A

-are the bone ends
-outer shell of compact bone forms the exterior while a spongy bone is in the interior
-a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers the joints of the epiphysis

63
Q

compact bone

A

-external layer of bone

64
Q

medullary cavity

A

-central cavity of a long bone, full of yellow marrow (in adults) that have adipose tissue
-in infants the marrow is red
-some red marrow present in spongy bone cavities

65
Q

endosteum

A

-lining of the medullary cavity , where osteoclast predominate

66
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage covering bones at end of moveable joints

67
Q

epiphyseal line

A

-is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) which is a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone

68
Q

osteoclast

A

destroy the matrix to get calcium

69
Q

What do we need calcium for?

A
  1. for every part of blood clotting
  2. for muscle contractions
  3. nerve impulses
    * you dietary intake of calcium allows osteoblasts to make more
70
Q

osteogenesis

A

Formation of bone
* the precursor before osseous tissue is DFCT and hyaline cartilage
- in embryos this leads to the formation of a bony skeleton ( but they start out with the two precursors)
-in adult hood used when the body increases in size

71
Q

ossification

A

-used in adults for bone remodeling and repair

72
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A
  • this is dense fibrous connective tissue (DFCT)
    -Osteoblast come in to lay down calcium to make matrix to make the bone
    -bone develops form fibrous membrane
    -forms the cranial bones of the skull
    -most bones formed by this process are flat bones
73
Q

Name two places where hyaline cartilage is still located on a bone?

A
  1. on the epiphyseal surfaces called articular cartilage
    2.at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphyseal called the epiphyseal plate
74
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

-a bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage
-all bones below the base of the skull except clavicle form by this way

75
Q

Endochondral ossification process

A
  1. starts out a cartilage model, where a bone collar forms around the diaphysis
    *cartilage model surrounded by perichondrium (eventually called periosteum)
  2. cartilage destroyed makes room for osteoblast (primary ossification center)
    3.secondary ossification center, blood vessels go to epiphysis
  3. Remains of cartilage are at the top of the epiphysis called articular cartilage (used as shock absorbers)
    *each bone has a genetic time
    * only long bones have epiphysis and diaphysis
76
Q

Bone growth- length

A

Diaphysis gets longer because rows of cartilage on the side gets destroyed and replaced with bone. While the epiphysis stays the same. This only occurs up to a point until your diaphysis and epiphysis fuses forming the plate

77
Q

Bone growth- width

A

-the medullary cavity needs to grow by destroying bone
-osteoblast and osteoclast are apart of bone growth for width
-involves laying down of more bony matrix on outside which is accompanied by bone destruction on inside by osteoclast

Anatomy and Physiology Ch 1-3 (12 decks)

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