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A2 Sociology > Organisations, Movements And Members > Flashcards

Organisations, Movements And Members Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

According to Troeltsch, what is a church?

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2
Q

According to Troelsch, what is a sect?

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3
Q

According to Niebuhr, what is a denomination and how does it differ from both a church and a sect?

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4
Q

What is a sect?

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of leaders of cults?

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6
Q

How are churches and sects similar in the way they see themselves?

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7
Q

How does wider society see churches and denominations?

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8
Q

How does wider society see sects and cults?

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9
Q

According to Bruce, why do some of the definitions of religious organisations not fit today’s reality?

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10
Q

Briefly explain and give examples of Wallis’ three categories of NRMs:

  • World-rejecting
  • World-accommodating
  • World-affirming
A

World-rejecting:
World-accommodation
World-affirming

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11
Q

Give three criticisms of Wallis’ classification.

A

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12
Q

Briefly explain Stark and Bainbridge’s two kinds of organisation:

  • Sects
  • Cults
A

Sects:
Cults:

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13
Q

According to Stark and Bainbridge, what benefits do sects offer their followers?

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14
Q

According to Stark and Bainbridge, what benefits do cults offer their followers?

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15
Q

Briefly explain and give examples of Stark and Bainbridge’s three types of cults.

A
  • Audience cults
  • Client cults
  • Cultic movements
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16
Q

Why are marginal groups in society more likely to join sects?

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17
Q

Explain what Weber means by a ‘theodicy of disprivilege’.

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18
Q

According to Wallis, why do some well-educated, young, middle-class whites join sects?

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19
Q

Define relative deprivation.

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20
Q

Why might middle-class people feel spiritually deprived?

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21
Q

According to Stark and Bainbridge, why do world-rejecting sects appeal to the deprived?

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22
Q

According to Stark and Bainbridge, why are the privileged more likely to join world-accepting churches?

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23
Q

According to Wilson, why do sects emerge in periods of rapid social change? Give an example.

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24
Q

According to Bruce, why do people join sects in response to secularisation?

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25
Q

Briefly explain the reasons for the growth in world rejecting NRMs.

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26
Q

Briefly explain the reasons for the growth in world-affirming NRMs.

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27
Q

Define schism.

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28
Q

Briefly explain Neibuhr’s three reasons for sects being short lived.

A

The second generation:
The ‘Protestant ethic’ effect:
Death of the leader:

29
Q

According to Wilson, what patterns do conversionist sects follow?

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30
Q

According to Wilson, what patterns do Adventist sects follow?

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31
Q

Give three examples of established sects.

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32
Q

According to Wilson, why is it becoming more difficult for sects to keep themselves separate?

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33
Q

What is the positive effect of globalisation for some sects?

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34
Q

Give four examples of New Age beliefs.

A

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35
Q

Briefly outline the two common themes of New Age beliefs identified by Heelas:

  • Self-spirituality
  • Detraditionalisation
A

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36
Q

What are meta-narratives?

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37
Q

Why have people lost faith in professionals such as scientists and doctors?

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38
Q

According to Bruce, why is the growth of the New Age a feature of modern society?

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39
Q

Why are New Age activities attractive to Westerners?

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40
Q

Briefly explain the four ways in which Heelas links the New Age and modernity:

  • A source of identity
  • Consumer culture
A

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41
Q

Briefly explain the four ways in which Heelas links the New Age and modernity:

  • Rapid social change
  • Decline of organised religion
A

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42
Q

Summarise the ways in which women can be seen as more religious than men.

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43
Q

Briefly outline Miller and Hoffman’s three main reasons for women’s higher levels of religiosity.

A

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44
Q

According to Bruce, what was the reason for women’s higher religiosity in the past?

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45
Q

Briefly outline two reasons why religion remains attractive to some women.

A

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46
Q

Why are women more often associated with ‘nature’?

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47
Q

According to Bruce, how does women’s experience of child-rearing make them more likely to be attracted to New Age movements?

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48
Q

Briefly explain the role conflict that women in paid work suffer from.

A

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49
Q

Briefly explain what Woodhead means by ‘the individual sphere’.

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50
Q

According to Brown, why do ‘self’ religions attract women?

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51
Q

Why might women be attracted to fundamentalism?

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52
Q

Briefly explain the class differences in the types of religion the appeal to women identified by Bruce.

A

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53
Q

Briefly explain the three forms of deprivation suffered by women:

  • Organismic deprivation
  • Ethical deprivation
  • Social deprivation
A
  • Organismic deprivation:
  • Ethical deprivation:
  • Social deprivation:
54
Q

In what ways is Pentecostalism a patriarchal religion?

A

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55
Q

According to Brusco, why is Pentecostalism attractive to women despite it patriarchal features?

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56
Q

Why has religious participation declined among women in the UK?

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57
Q

Why do women reject traditional religions?

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58
Q

Briefly outline the following explanations given for ethnic differences in religiosity:

  • Cultural defence
  • Cultural transition
A

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59
Q

Briefly outline Voas and Crockett’s three explanations for age differences in religiosity.

A
  • The ageing effect:
  • The period or cohort effect:
  • Secularisation
60
Q

According to Voas and Crockett, which of the above is the main reason for age differences in religiosity?

A

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61
Q

Using and example, explain what Arweck and Beckford mean by the virtual collapse of religious socialisation.

A

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A2 Sociology (26 decks)

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