Organisations, Movements And Members Flashcards
According to Troeltsch, what is a church?
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According to Troelsch, what is a sect?
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According to Niebuhr, what is a denomination and how does it differ from both a church and a sect?
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What is a sect?
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What are the characteristics of leaders of cults?
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How are churches and sects similar in the way they see themselves?
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How does wider society see churches and denominations?
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How does wider society see sects and cults?
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According to Bruce, why do some of the definitions of religious organisations not fit today’s reality?
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Briefly explain and give examples of Wallis’ three categories of NRMs:
- World-rejecting
- World-accommodating
- World-affirming
World-rejecting:
World-accommodation
World-affirming
Give three criticisms of Wallis’ classification.
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Briefly explain Stark and Bainbridge’s two kinds of organisation:
- Sects
- Cults
Sects:
Cults:
According to Stark and Bainbridge, what benefits do sects offer their followers?
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According to Stark and Bainbridge, what benefits do cults offer their followers?
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Briefly explain and give examples of Stark and Bainbridge’s three types of cults.
- Audience cults
- Client cults
- Cultic movements
Why are marginal groups in society more likely to join sects?
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Explain what Weber means by a ‘theodicy of disprivilege’.
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According to Wallis, why do some well-educated, young, middle-class whites join sects?
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Define relative deprivation.
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Why might middle-class people feel spiritually deprived?
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According to Stark and Bainbridge, why do world-rejecting sects appeal to the deprived?
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According to Stark and Bainbridge, why are the privileged more likely to join world-accepting churches?
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According to Wilson, why do sects emerge in periods of rapid social change? Give an example.
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According to Bruce, why do people join sects in response to secularisation?
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Briefly explain the reasons for the growth in world rejecting NRMs.
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Briefly explain the reasons for the growth in world-affirming NRMs.
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Define schism.
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Briefly explain Neibuhr’s three reasons for sects being short lived.
The second generation:
The ‘Protestant ethic’ effect:
Death of the leader:
According to Wilson, what patterns do conversionist sects follow?
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According to Wilson, what patterns do Adventist sects follow?
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Give three examples of established sects.
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According to Wilson, why is it becoming more difficult for sects to keep themselves separate?
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What is the positive effect of globalisation for some sects?
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Give four examples of New Age beliefs.
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Briefly outline the two common themes of New Age beliefs identified by Heelas:
- Self-spirituality
- Detraditionalisation
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What are meta-narratives?
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Why have people lost faith in professionals such as scientists and doctors?
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According to Bruce, why is the growth of the New Age a feature of modern society?
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Why are New Age activities attractive to Westerners?
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Briefly explain the four ways in which Heelas links the New Age and modernity:
- A source of identity
- Consumer culture
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Briefly explain the four ways in which Heelas links the New Age and modernity:
- Rapid social change
- Decline of organised religion
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Summarise the ways in which women can be seen as more religious than men.
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Briefly outline Miller and Hoffman’s three main reasons for women’s higher levels of religiosity.
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According to Bruce, what was the reason for women’s higher religiosity in the past?
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Briefly outline two reasons why religion remains attractive to some women.
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Why are women more often associated with ‘nature’?
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According to Bruce, how does women’s experience of child-rearing make them more likely to be attracted to New Age movements?
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Briefly explain the role conflict that women in paid work suffer from.
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Briefly explain what Woodhead means by ‘the individual sphere’.
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According to Brown, why do ‘self’ religions attract women?
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Why might women be attracted to fundamentalism?
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Briefly explain the class differences in the types of religion the appeal to women identified by Bruce.
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Briefly explain the three forms of deprivation suffered by women:
- Organismic deprivation
- Ethical deprivation
- Social deprivation
- Organismic deprivation:
- Ethical deprivation:
- Social deprivation:
In what ways is Pentecostalism a patriarchal religion?
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According to Brusco, why is Pentecostalism attractive to women despite it patriarchal features?
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Why has religious participation declined among women in the UK?
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Why do women reject traditional religions?
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Briefly outline the following explanations given for ethnic differences in religiosity:
- Cultural defence
- Cultural transition
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Briefly outline Voas and Crockett’s three explanations for age differences in religiosity.
- The ageing effect:
- The period or cohort effect:
- Secularisation
According to Voas and Crockett, which of the above is the main reason for age differences in religiosity?
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Using and example, explain what Arweck and Beckford mean by the virtual collapse of religious socialisation.
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