Organisation Science Biology

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

basic building blocks of all living organisms

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

group of cells with similar structure and function

Question 3

What are organs?

Answer 3

Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions

Question 4

What is an organ system?

Answer 4

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Question 5

What does the stomach do?

Answer 5

digests food

Question 6

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 6

absorbs water from undigested food leaving faeces

Question 7

What do glands do?

Answer 7

Produce digestive juices

Question 8

What does the liver do?

Answer 8

produces bile

Question 9

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 9

Digests food and absorbs soluble food molecules

Question 10

What do enzymes do?

Answer 10

they catalyse(speed up) specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site

Question 11

What are digestive enzymes?

Answer 11

They convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 12

What breaks down lipids?

Answer 12

lipase

Question 13

What are lipids broken down into?

Answer 13

fatty acids

Question 14

What breaks down proteins?

Answer 14

protease

Question 15

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 15

amino acids

Question 16

What breaks down carbohydrates?

Answer 16

carbohydrase

Question 17

What breaks down starch?

Answer 17

amylase

Question 18

What is starch broken down into?

Answer 18

simple sugars (mainly maltose)

Question 19

What is the purpose of bile?

Answer 19

1. It emulsifies any large lipid globules in the food into an smaller droplets which increases the surface area of the lipid.
2. It is an alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach.

Question 20

What solution do you add to test for sugar?

Answer 20

Benedicts

Question 21

What solution do you add to test for starch?

Answer 21

Iodine

Question 22

What are the 4 main chambers of the heart?

Answer 22

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Answer 23

Deoxygenated Blood passes through the vena cava from the right atrium to the right ventricle and is pumped out to the lings through the pulmonary artery

Question 24

Describe the transportation of oxygenated blood

Answer 24

The heart receives oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vein thenpasses through the left atrium to the left ventricle through the aorta and out to the body

Question 25

Describe what happens when the heart pumps
Blood enters the heart via the atria

Answer 25

. Once filled with blood, the atria contract, forcing blood down into the ventricles below. When the ventricles contract, they force blood to exit the heart.

Question 26

Structure of the respiratory system

Answer 26

The trachea, or windpipe, branches into two bronchi - one bronchus to each lung. The bronchi split into smaller branches and then into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Each bronchiole ends in a cluster of microscopic air sacs called alveoli.

Question 27

3 types of blood vessels

Answer 27

arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 28

role of arteries

Answer 28

transport blood away from the heart to the organs. They all carry oxygenated (contains oxygen) blood (apart from the pulmonary artery).

Question 29

How are arteries adapted

Answer 29

1. The walls have elastic fibres, allowing them to stretch and spring back.
2. Artery walls have thick layers of muscle. This makes them strong and able to cope with the high pressure at which blood is pumped out by the heart.

Question 30

Role of capillaries

Answer 30

move waste products out of cells and into blood and moves food and oxygen out of the blood and into the cells

Question 31

How are capillaries adapted

Answer 31

The wall is only one cell thick allowing a short diffusion pathway, the walls are permeable to allow diffusion and carry blood close to cells

Question 32

Rile of the veins

Answer 32

Veins form when capillaries join up after passing through the body. They transport deoxygenated blood (apart from the pulmonary vein) from the organs back to the heart.

Question 33

How are veins adapted?

Answer 33

1.The walls are thinner than those found in the arteries as the blood is at a lower pressure.
2.Wider cross section than arteries
3. veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 34

what does blood consist of

Answer 34

white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

Question 35

Role of white blood cells

Answer 35

fight infection

Question 36

How are white blood cells adapted?

Answer 36

can change shape and has a nucleus

Question 37

How are white blood cells adapted?

Answer 37

can change shape and has a nucleus

Question 38

Role of blood cells

Answer 38

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to all body cells.

Question 39

How is spongy mesophyll adapted

Answer 39

1.Spongy mesophyll tissue is packed loosely for efficient gas exchange.
2.The spongy mesophyll cells are covered by a thin layer of water.
3.Gases dissolve in this water as they move into and out of the cells.
Allows carbon dioxide to diffuse out of cell

Question 40

Upper epidermis adaptions

Answer 40

Transparent so that light can pass through to the pallaside layer

Question 41

Light intensity

Answer 41

The brighter the light, the greater the transpiration rate. Photosynthesis can’t happen in the dark

Question 42

Temperature

Answer 42

the warmer it is the faster transpiration happens. When it’s warm, the water particles have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata

Answer 43

the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of

Question 44

function of guard cells

Answer 44

regulate size of stomata, regulates gas exchange and water loss (due to transpiration)