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Geography Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of deindustrialisation in the UK?

A

machines instead of people
globalisation (cheaper to manufacture and transport from abroad)
decline in resources e.g. iron

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2
Q

what are different ways of classifying the world according to economic development and quality of life?

A

first, second and third world
north/ south divide
HIC, NEE, LIC

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3
Q

what is an NEE country?

A

Newly emerging economy
factory expansion and industrialisation

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4
Q

what is an LIC country?

A

Low income country
agriculture is important to economy

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5
Q

what are the strengths of GNI?

A

economic measure
accurate if calculated over small population
data released yearly for comparable information

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6
Q

what are the weakness of GNI?

A

doesn’t show inequalities between rich and poor
constant migration makes population hard to find out
converted to USD but exchange rate always changes

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7
Q

what does HDI (Human development index) measure?

A

what does HDI (Human development index) measure?
income
life expectancy
education level

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8
Q

what are the strengths of HDI?

A

takes into account multiple factors
more accurate and gives more rounded perspective

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9
Q

what are the weaknesses of HDI?

A

many factors it doesn’t take into account
lacks year to year comparability
lots of data is harder to collect

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10
Q

what is the demographic transition model?

A

shows how birth and death rate affect a population

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11
Q

describe stage 1 of the demographic transition model

A

birth rate: high and fluctuating
death rate: high and fluctuating
population growth rate: none

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12
Q

explain stage 1 of the demographic transition model?

A

no contraception
high infant mortality
poor healthcare
disease and famine

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13
Q

describe stage 2 of the demographic transition model?

A

birth rate: high and steady
death rate: rapidly falling
population growth rate: very high

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14
Q

explain stage 2 of the demographic transition model

A

better healthcare
agriculture-based economy
plentiful children to work

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15
Q

describe stage 3 of the demographic transition model?

A

birth rate: rapidly falling
death rate: slowly falling
population growth rate: high

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16
Q

explain stage 3 of the demographic transition model?

A

increased contraception
more working women
economy changes to manufacturing
improved healthcare

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17
Q

describe stage 4 of the demographic transition model?

A

birth rate: low and fluctuating
death rate: low and fluctuating
population growth rate: nil

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18
Q

explain stage 4 of the demographic transition model?

A

education and emancipation of women
high standard of living
good healthcare

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19
Q

predictions for stage 5 of the demographic transition model?

A

birth rate: slowly decreasing
death rate: slightly increasing
population growth rate: negative

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20
Q

what are the physical causes of uneven development?

A

climate
water quality
natural hazards
few natural resources

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21
Q

how does climate affect uneven development?

A

difficult to produce crops
malnutrition, nothing to sell
poor tourism attraction
climate-related disease

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22
Q

what are the economic causes of uneven development?

A

debt
world trade
primary-product based economy

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23
Q

what are the historical/ political causes of uneven development?

A

colonisation
war and conflict
corruption

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24
Q

what is the development gap?

A

difference in standards of living between the world’s richest and poorest countries

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25
Q

what at the consequences of uneven development?

A

disparities in wealth and health
internation migration

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26
Q

what are the issues of international migration?

A

contribute to HIC economies rather than LICs
can create dependency
competition for jobs

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27
Q

what are the main strategies to reduce the development gap?

A

investment
aid
intermediate technology
fair trade
debt relief
microfinance loans

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28
Q

what is investment?

A

buy property or invest in infrastructure

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29
Q

what are the positives of investment?

A

improves skills and expertise of locals
increased trade and services
jobs and opportunities

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30
Q

what are the negatives of investment?

A

people can be exploited
money goes to TNCs instead of locals

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31
Q

what is aid?

A

money or resources given to another country by charity from another government

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32
Q

what is fair-trade?

A

trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries

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33
Q

what are the negatives of aid?

A

wasted by corrupted government
can create dependency
projects stop working if no local knowledge

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34
Q

what are the positives of fair trade?

A

access to bigger markets
access to premium can be invested into better quality of life

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35
Q

what are the negatives of fair trade?

A

boosts retailers profit
limited customer base

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36
Q

what is intermediate technology?

A

small-scale, sustainable technology that locals take ownership of

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37
Q

what are the positives of intermediate technology?

A

local and sustainable
improves quality of life

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38
Q

what are the negatives of intermediate technology?

A

hard to always be 100% appropriate
only ever small-scale

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39
Q

what is debt relief?

A

when some or all of a country’s debt is cancelled

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40
Q

what are the benefits of debt relief?

A

more money to spend on development and improving quality of life

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41
Q

what are the negatives of debt relief?

A

money can be wasted by corruption
can create a dependency
impacts other countries

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42
Q

how is Nigeria important regionally?

A

largest population of any African country
highest GDP in Africa
one of the fastest growing economies in Africa

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43
Q

what are three of Nigeria’s main exports?

A

crude oil
cotton
rubber

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44
Q

how is Nigeria important globally?

A

21st largest economy
12th largest oil exporter
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping

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45
Q

environmental context of Nigeria?

A

rainforests in the south, drier climate in the north
natural land replaced by agriculture
cocoa and oil palm

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46
Q

What are 3 nigerias imports

A

Crude oil
Cottenham rubeber

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47
Q

political context of Nigeria?

A

gained independence in 1960
civil war (1967-1970)
military dictatorships
now a democracy

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48
Q

how is Nigeria important globally?

A

21st largest economy
12th largest oil exporter
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping

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49
Q

what are the disadvantages of TNCs to Nigeria?

A

local workers poorly paid
poor working conditions
management jobs go to foreign workers
generated profit goes abroad
grants and subsidies used to attract TNCs could have been used to invest in Nigerian industry

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50
Q

what is the benefits of TNCs for Nigeria’s economic development

A

provide employment and development of new skills
more money spent in economy
investment in infrastructure and education
valuable export revenues

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51
Q

how does manufacturing stimulate economic growth?

A

more secure income - able to buy more
more tax revenue
attraction of foreign investment
oil processing creates chemical by products

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52
Q

Why is Nigeria’s economy developing?

A

rapid advances in technology
greater environmental concerns
investment in skills training
increased telecommunications use

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53
Q

how is Nigeria’s economy changing?

A

shifting from agriculture to industry
increase in services

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54
Q

why is Nigeria’s economy shifting from primary to secondary?

A

increasing use of farm machinery
better pay in other sectors
industrialisation has increased employment in oil production

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55
Q

How does manufacturing stimulate economic growth?

A

more secure income - able to buy more
more tax revenue
attraction of foreign investment
oil processing creates chemical by products

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56
Q

why is Nigeria’s economy shifting from primary to secondary?

A

increasing use of farm machinery
better pay in other sectors
industrialisation has increased employment in oil production

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57
Q

how has economic development effected quality of life in Nigeria?

A

higher disposable income
improvements to infrastructure
safe water and sanitation

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58
Q

what are the environmental impacts of economic development in Nigeria?

A

harmful pollutants go straight into water ecosystems
agriculture and industrial development causes deforestation
desertification

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59
Q

give examples of how aid has helped Nigeria?

A

aid from US educates people on AIDS
UKID funded a health and development programme
NGOs deliver successful community projects, such as the distribution of mosquito nets

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60
Q

what are Nigeria’s global trading relationships?

A

imports phones from China
12th largest oil exporter in world
now trades with China , who are investing in the country

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61
Q

disadvantages of Shell in Nigeria?

A

oil spills cause water pollution
soil degradation reduces agricultural opportunity
oil theft costs millions of taxpayers money

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62
Q

advantages of Shell in Nigeria?

A

major contributions in tax and export revenue
direct employment to 65000 Nigerian workers
supports growth of Nigerian energy sector

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63
Q

how has the manufacturing industry helped economic development?

A

Nigeria has oil fields in the Nigerian Delta that help with TNI.
Aliko Dangote, richest man in Nigeria, began companies like Dangote cement which has improved Nigeria’s GDP.
Dangote cement has operations in 13 African nations.
His sugar refineries and flour and food industries also help with the economic growth.
Innoson is a Nigerian vehicle company with exports across the continent.
These have all helped with income investment and infrastructure

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64
Q

what is globalisation?

A

the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange

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65
Q

how did we move into a post-industrial economy?

A

development of information technology
service industries
finance
research
science and business parks

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66
Q

what are the service industries?

A

industries that involve research and development, where ideas are transformed into workable products

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67
Q

what are business parks?

A

purpose built areas of offices and warehouses, often at the edge of a city and on a main road

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68
Q

what are science parks?

A

science parks are often located near university sites, and high-tech industries are established
scientific research and commercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university

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69
Q

advantages of Cambridge Science Park?

A

pleasant working environment
highly skilled grduates
accessible via M11 and A14
Stansted airport nearby
Train route to London
Lower property value than London

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70
Q

HS2 benefits?

A

thousands of jobs in midlands and north
estimated to generate £40 billion for economy
decrease road travellers, less air pollution
more commuters able to go north
more investment into northern areas

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71
Q

HS2 negatives?

A

more likely to increase commuters into London, increasing north-south divide
estimated cost between £40 and £80 billion
difficult to truly estimate cost
existing rail routes could be improved instead
high-speed trains use more power, high emissions
demolition of valuable countryside

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72
Q

why is there a north-south divide?

A

deindustrialisation had higher impact
negative multiplier effect
decreasing population as more migrate south

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73
Q

describe 3 strategies that could be used to reduce the north-south divide?

A

airport expansion - Manchester airport
HS2 London - Birmingham - Manchester Liverpool , Leeds Newcastle
‘smart motorway’ M4 corridor London - Newport - Cardiff - Swansea

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74
Q

what are the UK trade links?

A

EU
USA
China

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75
Q

UK place of culture in a wider world?

A

successful TV exports
successful music
English language has 3rd most speakers in the world

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76
Q

Uk transport importance?

A

over 40 international airports
6 airports in and around London
Channel Tunnel
sea ferries

77
Q

Affect of tourism on employment?

A

-Tourism in Jamaica provides 200,000 people with jobs in the tourist industry (so people who don’t live near tourist areas can struggle).
-But, community and eco-tourism is expanding in more isolated regions with people running small scale guest houses or acting as guide

78
Q

Affect of tourism on its economy?

A

-One of the few growth sectors of its economy.
-Accounts for 24% of Jamaica’s GDP.
-Income from tourism is US$2 billion each year, taxes payed to the government contribute to country’s development.
-Average spending of visitors is $120 per day.

79
Q

How has tourism contributed to Jamaica’s development?

A

-Economy
-Employment
-Environment
-Infrastructure
-Quality of life

80
Q

Tourist attractions in Jamaica?

A

-Sea side towns like Kingston and Ocho Rios.
-Beautiful beaches and a warm sunny climate
-Rich cultural heritage
-Watersports and deep sea fishing
-National parks like Blue Mountains
-Attracts commercial holidays, and nature holidays

81
Q

What is the state of Jamaica’s economy?

A

Its population is 2.7 million.
Its economy is based on:
-a range of minerals (such as Bauxite and oil).
-agricultural products (sugar and rum).
-some manufacturing.
-tourism.
It has suffered from slow growth, debt and high unemployment.

82
Q

Where is Jamaica?

A

-Jamaica is located in the Caribbean to the south of Cuba.
-It is one of the largest islands in the west indies.

83
Q

What is Jamaica case study

A

An example of how the growth of tourism in an
LIC or NEE helps to reduce the development
gap.

84
Q

Affect of tourism on environment?

A

-Tourism has caused environmental problems such as path erosion, excessive waste and harmful emissions.
-But, sustainable ecotourism is expanding in some regions.
-Conservation projects that encourage tourists, provide job opportunities.

85
Q

Affect of tourism on quality of life?

A

-In the northern tourist areas, wealthy Jamaicans live in high quality
housing with a high standard of living. These areas have benefited
from tourism.
-However, there’s an uneven distribution of wealth, as people nearby are still deprived of suitable housing, food, healthcare, education, etc.

86
Q

Affect of tourism on infrastructure?

A

-Roads and airports have been slower to develop meaning that some parts of the island are isolated.
-New port and cruise lines facilities have been built on the island.

87
Q

South Cambridgeshire social and economic effects of population growth?

A

social - increasing number of migrants, more skilled educated people
economic- lack of affordable housing, high petrol prices

88
Q

outer Hebrides social and economic effects?

A

social - decline in quality of life, fewer of working age.
economic - 2 days a week work, services are closing

89
Q

airport improvements - heathrow?

A

extra runway,

90
Q

port improvements?

A

liverpool: double ports capacity, thousands of jobs created

91
Q

rail improvements?

A
  • high speed rail: extra seats and reduced travel time
  • London’s crossrail: 32km of new tunnels, carry 1500 passengers per train
92
Q

road improvements?

A

In 2014 announced a £15 billion road investement strategy.
- 100 new lanes
- 1300 new lane miles
- extra lanes

93
Q

food security?

A

people at all times have access to safe and nutritious food to maintain an active and healthy life.

94
Q

food insecurity?

A

-people go without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food
-more than 800 million people a day live every day with hunger/food insecurity

95
Q

global distribution of food - LICs?

A

-Africa has the highest levels of undernourishment, particularly in the East (Sudan - undernourishment is over 35%)
-Africa has the greatest range - under 5% in the South, compared w higher levels in the East
-Also a great range in Asia + South America

96
Q

global distribution of food - HICs?

A

HIC continents have low levels of undernourishment (under 5%)

97
Q

What is undernourishment?

A

a level of food intake insufficient to meet dietary requirements

98
Q

water scarcity?

A

when fresh water resources do not meet water demand

99
Q

water surplus?

A

when the supply of water is greater than supply for water

100
Q

What is water defict

A

When demand for water is greater than supply

101
Q

global distribution of water - LICs?

A

-Africa has the most water scarcity- physical/potential to be physical water scarcity in North and South
-rest of the continent - economic water scarcity
-Asia has greatest range - no scarcity in North, physical/approaching physical scarcity in West, centre and East

102
Q

global distribution of water - HICs?

A

-most HIC continents do not gave global water scarcity -South-Western USA and South-Eastern Australia are exceptions - they have physical water scarcity

103
Q

energy security?

A

a country’s ability to secure all its energy needs

104
Q

energy insecurity?

A

when the access to energy is via other countries

105
Q

energy mix?

A

the balance of the different types of energy which a country uses

106
Q

global distribution of energy - HICs?

A

HIC continents consume more energy (except for Eastern Europe)

107
Q

global distribution of energy - LICs?

A

-LIC continents consume less energy
-Eastern Africa + South + South Eastern Asia consume the least amount of energy
-Asia has the greatest range
-Southern hemisphere consumes less energy than Northern hemisphere

108
Q

how has the demand for food in the UK changed ?

A
  • people are now buying a greater range of food from other countries - almost 50% of the UK’s food is now imported
    -this is due to better transportation, new technology, and globalisation
109
Q

pros of growing food in LICs - UK?

A

-can get fresh veg all year round
-strong trade relationships
-fewer people in primary sector - benefits UK’s economy

110
Q

cons of growing food in LICs - UK?

A

environmental impacts - food miles + emissions - local + global impacts

111
Q

pros of agribusiness?

A

-increases amount of food in the UK
-larger farms produce more food efficiently
-yield are greater - seeds have been engineered in a lab, chemical fertilisers have been used

112
Q

cons of agribusiness?

A

-leads to hedgerow removal - habitat loss + soil erosion
-smaller family farms are brought up
-requires the use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers

113
Q

What is agribusiness?

A

refers to treating food production like a large, industrial business - capital intensive

114
Q

What is carbon footprint?

A

the measure of the impact that human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases they produce

115
Q

What is food miles?

A

the distance that food travels from producer to consumer

116
Q

What is water streea

A

When demand for water outstrips availability

117
Q

cons of water transfer in UK - economic?

A

house prices could increase if popular destination

118
Q

cons of water transfer in UK - social?

A

-a village was lost - community broken up - heritage and cultural loss
-conflict between Welsh + English

119
Q

pros of water transfer in UK - environmental?

A

has created habitats

120
Q

pros of water transfer in UK - economic?

A

-popular tourist destination - the multiplier effect - visitors will contribute to the local economy
-created jobs while it was being built

121
Q

pros of water transfer in UK - social?

A

homes + businesses in Liverpool benefit from this transfer scheme - provides a clean supply of water for them

122
Q

how has the demand for water in the UK changed?

A

-population growth + demographic change - more appliances used: sink, toilets, increased demand
-agriculture - farmers have to use irrigation due to hotter summers
-increased electricity demand - nuclear power stations require water

123
Q

cons of water transfer in UK - environmental?

A

could have destroyed habitats - hard engineering

124
Q

impacts of water pollution on people?

A

job loss - e.g. fishermen depend on clean water

125
Q

Impacts of water pollution on the environment?

A

damage wildlife - increased water temps, also destroys habitats which disrupts ecosystems - loss in biodiversity

126
Q

economic challenges - renewable?

A

expensive e.g. wind, solar and tidal

127
Q

environmental opportunities - nuclear?

A

less polluting + cleaner than fossil fuels

128
Q

economic opportunities - nuclear?

A

after initial investment, nuclear power energy is cheaper

129
Q

environmental challenges - nuclear?

A

damaging to environment + people if a nuclear accident occurs

130
Q

economic challenges - nuclear?

A

expensive to build

131
Q

environmental opportunities - fossil fuels?

A

carbon capture storage

132
Q

economic opportunities - fossil fuels?

A

creates jobs - multiplier effect

133
Q

environmental challenges - fossil fuels?

A

burning fossil fuels creates greenhouse gases - contribute to climate change

134
Q

economic challenges - fossil fuels?

A

mining coal causes environmental problems - expensive to clean up

135
Q

global patterns of water?

A

-domestic use (6%)
-agricultural use (69%)
-industrial use (20%)
-energy use
-leisure use

136
Q

Impacts of water insecurity?

A

waterborne diseases and water pollution, food production, industrial output, potential for conflict where demand exceeds supply

137
Q

factors affecting water availability?

A

climate, geology, pollution of supply, food production, industrial output, infrastructure, poverty

138
Q

reasons for increasing water consumption?

A

economic development, population change

139
Q

challenges - fracking?

A

-pollution of groundwater
-can cause earthquakes

140
Q

economic challenges - fracking?

A

expensive - e.g. cost of building supplies + acquiring chemicals

141
Q

opportunities - fracking?

A

less harmful than burning fossil fuels

142
Q

economic opportunities - fracking?

A

-produces energy cheaply
-provides jobs

143
Q

environmental challenges - renewable?

A

wind turbines - affects bird migration patterns, noisy, ruin scenery

144
Q

economic opportunities - renewable?

A

jobs are created - manufacturing, research + development

145
Q

environmental opportunities - renewable?

A

Poduce much less carbon emissions

146
Q

Why does the UK import so much food

A

Cheaper from abroad, demand for variety, UK climate not suitable to grow all food

147
Q

How is the UK responding to the challenges of importing food?

A

Encouraging people to eat locally according to seasonal growth

148
Q

What are the two trends in UK farming?

A

Agribusiness and organic produce

149
Q

What are the two impacts of importing food?

A

Food miles and carbon footprint

150
Q

What is organic produce?

A

grown without the use of chemicals. Has higher labour costs and can be more expensive. Often associated with buying local and seasonal foods.

151
Q

What is agribusiness and its purpose?

A

intensive farming aimed at maximising the amount of food produced. Farms are run as commercial business, have high level of investment and use modern technology and chemicals

152
Q

Price of energy?

A

Can go up and down wildly in countries without their own reserves of fossil fuels and dependent on imports

153
Q

Energy conflict?

A

Disagreements over who has access to and control over energy resources. Can be price conflicts or as severe as all out war

154
Q

who was it formed by?

A

Canada, USA, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia
Aluet international association
Saami council

155
Q

why was the arctic treaty formed?

A
  • to enhance coordination, cooperation and interaction amongst the arctic states
  • promotes sustainable management and development with regards to local indigenous communities
156
Q

what are the 3 ways it has made the region more sustainable?

A
  • agreement on enhancing the international arctic scientific coopration
  • agreement on cooperation on marine oil pollution preparedness and response in the arctic
  • agreement on cooperation and aeronautical and maritime search and rescue in the arctic
157
Q

what does the agreement on cooperation on marine oil pollution preparedness and response in the arctic mean?

A
  • regional task force to clean up oil
  • water quality is tested as it can be negatively affected by mining
  • air pollution is tested and fed back to the UN panel on climate change
158
Q

what are the 3 main long standing aims and work?

A
  • protecting arctic peoples
  • protecting arctic waters
  • protecting arctic fauna and flora
159
Q

how are arctic people protected?

A
  • promoting ways of life
  • encouraging people to holiday there
  • employment, education and healthcare is improved, so development is not inhibited
160
Q

how are arctic waters protected?

A
  • monitoring pollution levels and quality and oceans
  • predict the usage of future and present shipping routes to minimise damage
  • economic development is enabled but the environment is protected
161
Q

Newly Emerging Economy (NEE)?

A

Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation. They differ from LICs in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture, have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment eg Brazil

162
Q

What is Logging?

A

the cutting down of trees such as Mahogony for commercial purposes

163
Q

What is Subsistence farming?

A

where poor farmers occupy plots of the forest to grow food to feed themselves and their families

164
Q

What is Commercial farming?

A

the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets, such as soya or beef cattle in the Amazon

165
Q

What is Mineral extraction?

A

Where forests are cleared to make way for huge mines. The Brazilian part of the Amazon has mines that extract iron, manganese, nickel, tin, bauxite, beryllium, copper, lead, tungsten, zinc and gold!

166
Q

Energy development in the amazon

A

Mainly using Hydro Electric Power, and there are 150 new dams planned for the Amazon alone.

167
Q

Name of city of using renewable energy?

A

Malmo, Sweden

168
Q

Where is Malmo in?

A

Southern Sweden

169
Q

What is Renewable transport method?

A

All buses run on biogas and natural gas (less emissions)

170
Q

How is cycling encouraged?

A

Cyclists have priority at traffic lights
Sensor lets them through the lights if they are red

171
Q

What is Chambamontera’s solution to its energy deficit?

A

a micro-hydro scheme

172
Q

What is the Chambamontera micro-hydro scheme

A

water is collected and then stored in a tank, it is then piped to a power house with a turbine and

173
Q

Benefits of the scheme (2)?

A

provides renewable energy, low maintenance and running costs

174
Q

How has the scheme benefited the local community? (3)?

A

regulating flow of water has reduced danger of flooding, electricity is available in the winter when demand is high, electricity supply is more consistent

175
Q

How much did the scheme cost?

A

51000

176
Q

Where is the micto hydro scheme location (3)?

A

1) Chambamontera is an isolated community in the Andes Mountains of Peru
2) More than 2 hours’ drive on a rough track from Jaen, the nearest town

177
Q

Why has development been severely restricted?

A

1) Due to the lack of electricity for heat, light and power
2) Because the community is so isolated, due to the 1700m steep slopes and the rough roads which are impassable in winter
3) The low population density meant that it was uneconomic to build an electricity grid to serve the

178
Q

How was Chambamontera’s energy deficit solved?

A

Through the construction of a micro-hydro scheme, which will last at least 25 years - supported by the charity Practical

179
Q

Why was the area ideal for exploiting water power as a renewable source of energy?

A

1) High rainfall
2) Steep slopes
3) Fast flowing rivers

180
Q

How much did the micro-hydro scheme cost and how was it paid for?

A

1) Total cost: $51,000
2) Some government investment
3) Some investment from Japan
4) Community had to pay part of the cost - average cost per family: $750

181
Q

Give 4 general advantages of the scheme?

A

1) It provides renewable energy
2) It has little environmental impact
3) It has low maintenance and running costs
4) It used local labour and materials

182
Q

Describe where Chambamontera is located?

A

It is located in the Andes Mountains of Peru. It is a two hours drive on a rough track from Jaen, the nearest town

183
Q

Describe why energy is needed?

A

To provide electricity for heat, light and power for farms

184
Q

Explain how the micro hydro scheme produces electricity?

A

The charity Practical Action uses water power as a renewable source of energy, due to high rainfall, steep slopes and fast-flowing rivers

185
Q

Where does the money come from to build this project?

A

It had investment from Japan and the community, with an average cost of US$750 per family and a total cost of US$51,000. Credit facilities were made available for this

186
Q

What evidence is there to suggest farming is difficult?

A

There are steep slopes which have to be farmed with hand-held tools

187
Q

Give two social benefits of the scheme?

A

Reliable electricity and street lights provided, which improves their quality of life

188
Q

Give two economic benefits of the scheme?

A

Business development is possible due to piped water for machines and rural-to-urban migration has decreased, which has increased the workforce

189
Q

Give two environmental benefits of the scheme?

A

Water flow has been regulated which decreases the risk of flooding and kerosine lights are no longer needed, reducing the risk of fire

Revision (27 decks)

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