Biogenetics Biology

Question 1

What is aerobic respiration

Answer 1

an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water and releasing energy for cells

Question 2

mitochondria

Answer 2

the site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell

Question 3

anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast with a small amount of energy released for cells

Question 4

lactic acid

Answer 4

the end product of anaerobic respiration in animals

Question 5

oxygen debt

Answer 5

the extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic respiration of lactic acid

Question 6

metabolism

Answer 6

the sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or the body of an organism

Question 7

fermentation

Answer 7

the chemical breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen that occurs in microorganisms (bacteria and yeast)

Question 8

photosynthesis

Answer 8

an endothermic reaction by which plants make use of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to produce glucose and oxygen

Question 9

cellulose

Answer 9

complex carbohydrates that make up plants and algal cell walls and gives them strength

Question 10

What is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide +water—sunlight—glucose+oxygen
6CO2+6H2O+C6H12O6+6O2

Question 11

What is the equation for anaerobic

Answer 11

Glucose+lactic acid+energy

Question 12

What is the equation for aerobic

Answer 12

Glucose+oxygen—carbon dioxide+water+energy

Question 13

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 13

A reaction that takes in energy from the surroundings

Question 14

In the required practical to investigate how light intensity affects photosynthesis, what would you expect to happen as the distance between the lamp and the plant is increased?

Answer 14

less oxygen is produced

Question 15

what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis ?

Answer 15

• rate of light
• rate of temperature
• rate of co2

Question 16

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when the temperature is increased?

Answer 16

The rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature up to an optimum. As the temperature continues to rise, the rate of photosynthesis starts to fall rapidly

Question 17

what is respiration ?

Answer 17

transfer of energy from glucose and it occurs in every cell.

Question 18

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration ?

Answer 18

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

Question 19

Does aerobic respiration transfer more energy than anaerobic respiration ?

Answer 19

YES

Question 20

what processes increase during exercise ?

Answer 20

Breathing rate

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Heart rate

Question 21

Why does your body temperature increase during exercise?

Answer 21

Because respiration is an exothermic reaction

Question 22

Why do we continue to breathe deeply and quickly for a while after anaerobic exercise?

Answer 22

After anaerobic exercise we need more oxygen to remove lactic acid from the muscles by breaking it down into carbon dioxide and water.
OXYGEN DEBT

Question 23

In which 3 ways do fit people fit exercise easier ?

Answer 23

Fit people have more mitochondria than unfit people due to a higher muscle to fat ratio

Fit people have better supplies of glycogen in their muscle cells than unfit people

After intense exercise, fit people have a shorter recovery period than unfit people

Question 24

what is produced in the anaerobic respiration of yeast cells ?

Answer 24

glucose → ethanol + CO₂

Question 25

what happens in anaerobic respiration of muscle cells ?

Answer 25

glucose → lactic acid + energy

Question 26

what is oxygen debt ?

Answer 26

when the body has to take in extra oxygen to break down the lactic acid in the muscle cells

Question 27

aerobic respiration

Answer 27

- exothermic reaction - glucose is broken down using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water and release energy for the cells

Question 28

anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

- exothermic reaction -glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast. - A small amount of energy is transferred for the cells

Question 29

what is the response to exerciser ?

Answer 29

- faster heart rate - breathing rate increases - glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose

Question 30

How does the amount of chlorophyll impact the rate of photosynthesis ?

Answer 30

Chlorophyll is a pigment in the leaf that converts light energy to food for the plant, and is therefore essential. If, for example, chlorophyll levels are reduced through a magnesium deficiency, then the rate of photosynthesis would decrease.

Question 31

describe an experiment measuring the oxygen production of a plant, you can calculate the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 31

Pondweed is placed in a test tube full with water. The top is sealed with a bung. A capillary tube also containing water leads into the test tube, and it is attached to a syringe. ● A lamp is placed at a measured distance from the test tube. ● As it photosynthesises, oxygen is produced, forming a gas tube in the capillary tube ● The distance the bubble has moved is measured using a ruler to calculate the volume of oxygen produced. ● Many variables can be changed to observe their effect on photosynthesis: the temperature (using a water bath), time the pondweed is left, the light intensity (varied by the distance the lamp is from the plant). ● It is important to control all factors that may affect photosynthesis except your independent variable (the one you want to observe), so it is a valid experiment

Question 32

How does lactic acid build up ?

Answer 32

If there is not enough oxygen being supplied (for example when you undertake vigorous exercise) anaerobic respiration takes place instead. As lactic acid is a by product of this reaction, it builds up creating an oxygen debt (as oxygen is needed to break lactic acid down).

Question 33

What is metabolism ?

Answer 33

is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body. The energy transferred in the cells by respiration is used in the processes of metabolism to make new molecules. These processes are controlled by enzymes