Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Sugar and starch

Question 2

Give examples of sugars

Answer 2

Glucose and fructose

Question 3

Give sources of sugar where it is found naturally

Answer 3

Fruits and vegetables

Question 4

Give sources of sugar where it is added to food during the manufacturing process

Answer 4

Cakes, sweets and fizzy drinks

Question 5

Give sources of starch where it is found in larger amounts

Answer 5

Potatoes, bread, pasta, rice and cereals

Question 6

Give examples of nutrients found in starchy foods

Answer 6

B vitamins, iron and calcium

Question 7

Which starchy foods have a high fibre content?

Answer 7

Wholegrain starch foods

Question 8

Briefly describe what happens in the body when we eat carbohydrate-based foods,?

Answer 8

Our body breaks down the sugar and starch into glucose

This is absorbed into our blood and used by our body for energy

Question 9

How are simple carbohydrates digested?

Answer 9

They are rapidly digested

And broken down into glucose

So blood sugar levels rise quickly

And provide a short burst of energy

Question 10

How are complex carbohydrates digested?

Answer 10

They take a lot longer to digest than simple ones

So they gradually increase blood sugar levels

And provide a slow, steady release of energy

Question 11

Give symptoms of excess carbohydrates in the diet

Answer 11

• Extra carbohydrate is converted into fat
• If sugars are not used quickly they’re stored as fat
• Too many sugary foods can lead to tooth decay, sometimes called dental caries
• Simple carbohydrates cause rapid surges in blood sugar levels

Question 12

Give an example of a cause of tooth decay

Answer 12

• Mango juice is more likely to cause tooth decay than if you ate chunks of mango
• This is because the sugars are already released and ready to attack your teeth

Question 13

Give symptoms of a carbohydrate deficiency in the diet

Answer 13

• Blood sugar level drops, causing hunger, dizziness, tiredness as our body has less energy than it needs
• Fat is used as another source of energy instead of carbohydrates
• Protein is used up if there is also a fat deficiency, causing us to lose muscle and makes us weaker

Question 14

Give the symptoms of a fibre deficiency

Answer 14

• Constipation
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Bowel and colon cancer

Question 15

Sources of Calcium

Answer 15

Milk, Tofu, Salmon, Green leafy vegetables, hard water and white bread.

Question 16

Uses of Calcium

Answer 16

Strong bones and teeth.
Healthy nerves and muscles.
Growing children need it everyday for strong bones and teeth.
Lack of calcium in youth can lead to problems later in life like osteoporosis.

Question 17

Sources of Iron

Answer 17

Dark green vegetables and meat (liver and Kidney).

Question 18

Uses of Iron

Answer 18

To form part of haemoglobin which gives blood cells their red colour.
Lack of iron causes a deficiency called anaemia.

Question 19

Sources of Vitamin A

Answer 19

Retinol - Liver, butter, fish oils and eggs.
Carotene - Orange or yellow fruit and veg and margarine.

Question 20

Uses of Vitamin A

Answer 20

Good eyesight
The growth and function of tissues.
Vitamin A is important for normal vision, the immune system, reproduction, and growth and development

Question 21

Sources of Vitamin B group

Answer 21

Cereals, liver, kidney, peas, pulses, dairy produce, meat and fish.

Question 22

What is vitimin b used for

Answer 22

B vitamins are important for making sure the body’s cells are functioning properly.

Question 23

What are sources of vitimin c

Answer 23

Citrus fruits, tomatoes and tomato juice, and potatoes

Question 24

Uses of vitimin c

Answer 24

helping to protect cells and keeping them healthy

Question 25

Source of iron

Answer 25

Dark chocolate, tofu lentils

Question 26

What are uses of iron

Answer 26

Iron is a mineral that the body needs for growth and development. Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body, and myoglobin, a protein that provides oxygen to muscles. Your body also needs iron to make some hormones