Organisation of Cells in a Tissue

Question 1

Name the 4 basic tissue types

Answer 1

Connective
Muscle
Epithelium
Nervous

Question 2

Name the 3 major salivary glands

Answer 2

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 3

What is different about the ducts found in the salivary glands?

Answer 3

They are striated meaning they modify the saliva (remove salt to make hypotonic to blood) instead of just passively carrying saliva

Question 4

Name the 4 layers found in the tubes of the digestive tract

Answer 4

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa / Adventitia

Question 5

Describe the Mucosa

Answer 5

Has 3 parts

• Epithelium, sits on basal lamina
• Lamina propria, loose connective tissue
• Muscularis Mucosae, thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 6

Describe the submucosa

Answer 6

loose connective tissue

Question 7

Describe the Muscularis Externa

Answer 7

Two thick layers of smooth muscle (inner circular and outer longitudinal layer)

Question 8

Describe the Serosa / Adventitia

Answer 8

Outer layer of connective tissue, responsible for suspension or attachment to other organs

Question 9

Describe protective mucosa

Answer 9

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

found in oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, and anal canal

Question 10

Describe Absorptive mucosa

Answer 10

Simple columnar epithelium with villi and tubular glands

found in small intestine

Question 11

Describe secretory mucosa

Answer 11

Simple columnar epithelium with many tubular glands

found in stomach

Question 12

Describe mucosa which is protective and absorptive

Answer 12

simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

found in large intestine

Question 13

What is the nervous tissue in the digestive tract called?

Answer 13

Enteric nervous system

Receives signals from autonomic nerves but can coordinate gut motility locally

Question 14

What are the groups in which neurons live called?

Answer 14

Ganglia

Found between muscular layers of muscularis externa

Question 15

Where is respiratory epithelium found?

Answer 15

In trachea

Question 16

What produces the viscous fluid which coats the airway?

Answer 16

Goblet cells and submucosal glands

Cilia sweep fluid out of airway

Question 17

Describe the difference between the bronchi and the bronchioles

Answer 17

Bronchi - large diameter, walls contain hyaline cartilage

Bronchioles - smaller diameter, no cartilage but contain smooth muscle

Question 18

What lines the alveoli?

Answer 18

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 19

What hexagonal structure makes the structure of the liver?

Answer 19

Lobules

Question 20

What is within each lobule?

Answer 20

Branch of hepatic portal vein and artery
Central vein (drains to hepatic vein)
Hepatic sinusoids (carries blood from central vein to hepatic)
Sheets of Hepatocytes (liver cells)

Question 21

What forms a portal triad?

Answer 21

Branch of hepatic portal vein
Bile duct
Hepatic arteriole

Question 22

What makes the pancreas unusual as a gland?

Answer 22

Is is exocrine and endocrine

Question 23

What does the exocrine pancreas do?

Answer 23

Produce digestive juices containing proteases (break down proteins) lipases (break down lipids) and nucleases (break down DNA/RNA)

These enter duodenum through pancreatic duct

Question 24

What does the endocrine pancreas do?

Answer 24

Produce various hormones including insulin (islets of Langerhans)