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Principles > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic structural and functional units in our bodies?

A

Cells

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2
Q

What do cells make when they join together?

A

Tissues

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3
Q

What do tissues make when they join together?

A

Organs

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4
Q

What do organs make when they join together?

A

Systems

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5
Q

What is needed to make ATP?

A

Oxygen and nutrients

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6
Q

What are the byproducts of ATP production?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

Name the ten body systems

A 
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Musculoskeletal
Gastrointestinal
Urinary
Lymphatic
Endocrine
Reproductive
Nervous
Integumentary
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8
Q

Why do cells need energy?

A

For metabolic processes

For their specific function

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9
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

A

Nervous, epithelial, muscle and connective

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10
Q

What is a system?

A

A group of organs with related functions

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11
Q

What does the Gastrointesinal (GI) system do?

A

Break down large molecules into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed by veins in the small intestine

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12
Q

Where do veins from the small intestine drain to?

A

The liver

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13
Q

Which organs are associated with the GI system?

A

pancreas, liver, spleen

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14
Q

What is the GI tract?

A

The continuous tube from the mouth to the anus

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15
Q

What does the liver do with nutrients?

A

Stores them
Turns them into other substances
Returns them to venous blood

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16
Q

What does the liver do with dangerous substances?

A

metabolies/detoxify them

eg alcohol

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17
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

heart and blood vessels

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18
Q

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

A

left - towards body

19
Q

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

A

right - towards lungs

20
Q

Describe the direction of blood flow through the vessels

A

Heart - artery - arteriole - capillary bed - venule - vein - Heart

21
Q

Describe how oxygen is taken from the air and moved to the body cells

A

Breathed in through nose
Moves through respiratory tree (the progressively smaller tubes connecting the nose to the alveoli)
Oxygen diffuses through thin walls of alveoli into capillaries
Oxygenated blood pumped to body cells
Oxygen diffuses into cells from capillary beds

Carbon dioxide takes the same path but in a reversed order

22
Q

How is oxygen carried by the blood?

A

It reversibly binds to haemoglobin

23
Q

What cells are found in the blood?

A

RBCs
Platelets - involved in clotting
White blood cells - defend the body from infection

24
Q

What is anaemia?

A

A low level of haemoglobin in the blood

25
Q

What is tissue fluid?

A

Fluid which has been forced out of the blood by the small size of capillaries which is now in the spaces between cells

26
Q

What is lymph?

A

Tissue fluid which has been absorbed by a lymphatic vessel

27
Q

What is the major lymphatic vessel in the body?

A

thoracic duct

28
Q

What does the thoracic duct do?

A

Carries lymph back to veins in the root of the neck

29
Q

What do carbon dioxide and water form?

A

Carbonic acid

30
Q

When is lactic acid produced?

A

During anaerobic respiration

31
Q

How and why are carbonic and lactic acid removed from the body?

A

Carbonic - respiratory system removes CO2 so it cannot be formed
Lactic - renal system excretes it

This ensures the pH of the body is kept withing a narrow range

32
Q

What kinds of waste do we produce?

A 
Cellular debris
Indigestible foodstuffs
Bacteria
Commensals
Pathogens
Drugs
Passed in faeces or urine

Foreign bodies - atmospheric carbon, microorganisms, cancer cells
Drained to lymph nodes

33
Q

What is the integumentary system and what is it’s function?

A

The skin - acts as a barrier towards external environment

provides physical protection, waterproof, aids in the control of body temperature, protects a little from UV radiation

34
Q

Can lymph nodes be palpated?

A

Not normally, but they can be when enlarged when they are actively fighting against infection/ cancer

35
Q

Name the discrete areas of lymphatic tissue within the body

A

Tonsils, Spleen, Parts of GI tract

These areas help to identify and stop pathogens

36
Q

What does the nervous system allow us to do?

A

Sense our external and internal environment and put an appropriate response into action

37
Q

What are the three parts of the nervous system?

A

Sensory
Motor
CNS

38
Q

Name seven endocrine glands

A 
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pituitary
Ovary and Testis
Pancreas
39
Q

What do the endocrine glands do?

A

Secrete hormones into capillary blood

40
Q

Why are the musculoskeletal and nervous system linked?

A

Skeletal muscles must receive a signal from a motor nerve in order to contract

41
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system do?

A

enables the lungs to inhale and exhale air
enables body to move which allows organism to seek out and ingest food/water
allows organism to physically escape dangerous situations

42
Q

What does the reproductive system do?

A

Ensures the survival of the species beyond individual members

43
Q

What does VINDICATEM stand for?

A 
Vascular
Infectious/inflammatory
Neoplastic
Drugs/toxins
Intervention/iatrogenic
Congenital/developmental
Autoimmune
Trauma
Endocrine
Metabolic

Principles (21 decks)

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