Genetics

Question 1

Roughly how many genes do humans have?

Answer 1

30 000

Question 2

What makes up a chromosome?

Answer 2

Histone protein and DNA strand

Question 3

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 3

S phase

Question 4

What happens if DNA is damaged during replication?

Answer 4

Repair mechanisms attempt to fix it

Question 5

What occurs if the DNA repairing mechanisms don’t function correctly?

Answer 5

Disease

Question 6

Describe what is produced by Mitosis

Answer 6

Diploid parent cell forms two diploid daughter cells

Question 7

Why are daughter cells not quite identical?

Answer 7

DNA replication is imperfect

Question 8

What happens during Meiosis?

Answer 8

One diploid parent cell forms four haploid daughter cells

Question 9

What is crossing over?

Answer 9

When genes are swapped between parental chromosomes

Question 10

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 10

DNA - deoxyribose, double strand, A, T, C, and G

RNA - ribose, single strand, A, U, C, G

Question 11

What affects the amount of protein produced by a cell?

Answer 11

Rate of transcription
Rate of mRNA splicing
Half life of mRNA
Rate of polypeptide processing

Question 12

What is made when DNA is transcribed?

Answer 12

Pre-mRNA

Question 13

What happens to Pre-mRNA?

Answer 13

Spliced to form mRNA

Introns removed, exons spliced together

Question 14

What is formed when mRNA is translated?

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

How many bases in a codon?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What are polymorphisms?

Answer 16

Mutations which are neutral / beneficial

Question 17

How many small mutations does the average person have when comparing their DNA to their parent’s DNA?

Answer 17

60 to 120

Question 18

What does SNPs stand for?

Answer 18

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Single nucleotide changes in genetic material