Organisation in plants

Question 1

Where is the waxy cuticle?

Answer 1

Very top of the cell

Question 2

What does the waxy cuticle do?

Answer 2

Makes the leaf waterproof

Question 3

Where is the upper epidermous located?

Answer 3

Below the waxy cuticle

Question 4

What does the upper epidermous do?

Answer 4

• Single layer of cells
• Protects against water loss
• Transparent to allow light to pass through

Question 5

Where is the palisade msophyll located?

Answer 5

• Middle of the cell
• Below the upper epidermous

Question 6

What does the palisade mesophyll do?

Answer 6

• Tightly packed cells
• Lots of chlorplasts for absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 7

What does the spongy mesophyll do?

Answer 7

• Spherical cells
• Lots of air spaces to allow gases to diffuse quickly
• Large surface area-to-volume ratio to increase gas exchange

Question 8

Where is the Spongy mesophyll located?

Answer 8

• Above the Lower epidermis
• lower area of the tissue

Question 9

What are the guard cells and where are they located?

Answer 9

• Bottom of the tissue
• Controls the opening and closing of the stomata

Question 10

What are the stomata And Where are they located?

Answer 10

• Bottom of the tissue
• Tiny openings on the lower surface of the leaf that allow gases to flow in or out of the leaf

Question 11

How do the stomata control gas exchange and water loss?

Answer 11

• Allowing diffusion of carbon dioxide into the plant for photosynthesis
• Allowing diffusion of oxygen out of the plant

Question 12

What happens when a plant has alot of water?

Answer 12

The guard cell becomes turgid and the stoma open

Question 13

What is transpiration?

Answer 13

• Water is lost through the stomata by evaportaion
• This pulls water up through the xylem.

Question 14

What is transpiration needed for?

Answer 14

• Provides water to keep cells turgid
• Provides water for photosynthesis
• Transports mineral ions to leaves

Question 15

What are the features of transpiration?

Answer 15

• One-way transport only
• Water and minerals
• Made of dead cells joined together
• Thick walls stiffened by lignin

Question 16

What is translocation?

Answer 16

The movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem

Question 17

What is translocation needed for?

Answer 17

• Moves dissolved sugard made in the leaves during photosynthesis to other parts of the plant
• This allows for respiration, growth, and glucose storage

Question 18

What are the features of translocation?

Answer 18

• Substances are transported both ways
• Cells end with small holes to allow substances to flow through
• Transports dissolved sugars and water

Question 19

What does higher temperature do to the rate of transpiration?

Answer 19

Water evaporates faster in higher temperature

Question 20

Why does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?

Answer 20

As the air is drier, the conecentration gradient is higher between the air and leaf

Question 21

What does wind speed do to the rate of transpiration?

Answer 21

Increases the rate of transpiration because the wind removes the water vapour quickly

Question 22

Why does high light intensity increase rate of transpiration?

Answer 22

Stomata open wider to let more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis