Non-communicable diseases Flashcards
What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?
CHD is when the coronary arteries become narrowed by the build up of layers of fatty material.
What factors can affect health?
- Communicable and non-communicable diseases.
- Diet
- Stress
- Exercise
- Life situations
What does a stent do?
Inserted into blocked arteries to keep them open.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a stent?
- Widens the artery
- less serious surgery
- Can involve major surgery
- Risks from anaesthetic
What does a Statin do?
Drugs that reduce blood cholesterol levels that slow down the deposit of fatty material.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Statin?
- Effective
- No need for surgery
- Can prevent CHD developing
- Possible side affects
- Cannot cure CHD
What does replacing a faulty heart valve do?
Heart valves that are malfunctioning can be replaced with biological or mechanical valves.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Heart valve replacement?
- Allows the control of blood flow to the heart
- Long term cure for faulty heart valves
- Can involve major surgery
- Risks from anaesthetic
What does a heart transplant do?
Artificial hearts are used to keep patient alive while waiting for a heart transplant or allowing the heart to rest.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Heart transplant?
- Long term cure
- Treats special problems
- Transplant may be rejected
- lengthy process
What are the 4 risk factors of getting a non-communicable disease?
- Diet and ammount of exercise
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Carcinogens (Ionising radiation and genetics)
What are the Disease you can get from a poor diet or not enough exercise?
- Type 2 diabetes
- Cardiovascular disaeases
What are the effects of a poor diet and low exercise?
- Body does not repond correctly to the production of insulin
- Increased blood cholesterol can lead to CHD.
What are the Disease you can get from alchahol?
- Impaired liver function
- Impaired brain function
- Affected development of unborn babies
What are the effects of alcohol?
- Long term alcohol abuse can cause liver cirrhosis (scarring)
- Damages the brain and can cause anxiety and depression
- Alchahol can pass through the placenta
What disease can Smoking cause?
- Lung disease and cancers
- affected development of unborn babies
What effects does Smoking have?
- Cigarettes contain carsinogens which can cause cancers
- Chemicals can pass through the placenta
What is cancer?
Result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division by mitosis
What does mitsosis cause?
The formation of abnormal cells called a tumor
What are malignant tumors?
Cancerous tumours that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to other parts of the body in the blood.
What are benign tumours?
Non-cancerous tumours that do not spread in the body
