Cell Biology Flashcards
What are parts of a plant cell?
- Rigid cell wall
- Large vacuole
- Chloroplasts
- (Nucleus, cytoplasm, Cell membrane and mitochondria).
What does the Nucleus do?
Contains DNA that controls what the cell does.
What does the Cytoplasm do?
Its a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
What does the Cell Membrane do?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What does the Mitochondria do?
- This is where most of the reactions for respiration take place.
- Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.
What does the rigid cell wall do?
It is made up of cellulose and it gives support for the cell.
What does the large vacuole do?
Contains sap and a weak solution of sugar and salts.
What do chloroplasts do?
This is where phtotosynthesis occurs. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What are the features of a Bacteria cell?
- Chromosomal DNA
- Plasmids
- Flagellum
- Cell wall
What is the single cell in the womb called?
zygote
How do the steam cells know what genes to use?
The body sends signals
What happens in protein synthesis?
Copies the gene from a DNA and takes it to another cell
What are the features of a sperm cell?
- Tail to swim to the ovum and fertilise it
- Lots of mitochondria to give it energy to swim to the ovum
What are the features of a Red blood cell?
- No nucleus so more room to hold oxygen
- Contains hemoglobin which is a red pigment that binds to oxygen
- Flat bi-concave disc shape to increase surface-area to Volume ratio
What are the features of a muscle cell?
- Contains proteins fiber which contract
- Contains alot of mitochondria to release energy from respiration
What are the features of a nerve cell?
- Branched endings, called dendrites, to make connections with other neuronsor effectors
- myelin sheath insulates the axon to increase the transmission speed of the electrical impulses
What are the features of a Root hair cell?
- Long projection speeds up the absorbtion of water and mineral ions by increasing the surface area of the cell
- Lots of mitochondria to releaseenergy for the active transportof mineral ions from the soil
What are the features of a Palisade cell?
- Lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll to absorb light energy
- Located at the top surface of the leaf where it can absorb the most light energy
What are the two types of eukaryotic cell?
Animal and plant
What type of cell are Bacteria?
Prokaryotic
How are electron and light microscopes different?
- Electron microscopes use beams of electrons, much more expensive, higher magnification and resolution.
- Light microscopes use beams of light, much cheaper.
What are 3 adaptations of a red blood cell?
No nucleus, Cantains hemoglobin which binds to oxygen, Has a bi-concave shape.
Total of the lenses
How do you work out total magnification?
Objective lens magnification X Eyepeice lens magnification
Using the object
How do you work out magnification?
Size of object / Actual size of object
