Cell Division Flashcards
What is stage 1 of the replication of cells?
Replication
What is stage 2 of the replication of cells?
Mitosis
What is stage 3 of the replication of cells?
Division
What happens in stage 1 of the replication of cells?
The cell needs to replicate before splitting so the cell doubles in size and increases the number of mitochondria and ribosomes. So the DNA replicates to form copies of each chromosome.
What happens in stage 2 of the replication of cells?
The complete set of chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell and two nuclei form.
What happens in stage 3 of the replication of cells?
The cytoplasm and the cell membrane divide to form two identical daughter cells.
Where is adult stem cells found?
Found in the bone marrow of children and adults.
What can adult stem cells differentiate into?
Can only form to make certain types of cell
What are the advantages of adult stem cells?
- Few ethical issues
- Established technique for treating people
What are the disadvantages of adult stem cells?
- Requires a donor
- Can only differentiate into certain different cells
Where are embryotic stem cells found?
Found in early human embryos (often from spare embryos)
What are advantages of embryotic stem cells?
- Can differentiate into any type of cpecialised cell
- possible to grow replacement organs
- no donor needed
What are the disadvantages of embryotic stem cells?
- Ethical issues may lead to loss of human life
- Risk of viral infections
- Relatively new
Where are the plant meristem found?
In the roots and shoots of plants
What are the advantages of meristem plant cell?
- Can differentiate into all cell types
- Rare species can be cloned
- Plants with good traites can be cloned to produce more
- fast and low-cost
