Organisation - Enzymes & Digestion Flashcards
what are enzymes
biological catalysts. they are proteins
why do we have enzymes
speed up useful chemical reactions
what is an active site
unique shape that a specific protein fits into on an enzyme
how does temperature effect enzyme action
has an optimum temperature of 37. when it gets to hot the shape of the active site changes ( the enzyme is denatured)
how does pH effect enzyme action
interferes w bond holding enzyme together which changes shape of active site so enzyme denatures. the optimum pH depends on the enzyme
how can you calculate rate of reaction
1000/time (s)
what is mechanical digestion
e.g. teeth grinding up food and stomach turning it up
what is chemical digestion
enzymes help break down food
name 3 molecules that have to be broken down in digestion
starch, lipids, proteins
what are 5 things that big molecules are broken down into in digestion
glycerol, maltose, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids
what can the products of digestion be used to make
carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
explain the role of carbohydrase
break down carbohydrates into simple sugars. amylase is a carbohydrase that breaks down starch. Its made in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
works in the mouth and small intestine
explain the role of proteases
catalyse proteins into amino acids
made in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
work in the stomach and small intestine
explain the role of lipases
catalyse lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
made in pancreas and small intestine
work in small intestine
explain the role of bile
made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Released into the small intestine. Its alkali so neutralises the acidic stomach conditions because the enzymes in the stomach need alkali conditions.
It also emulsifies fates - breaks them down into tiny droplets so they have a bigger surface area for the lipase to work on in the small intestine
