Organisation

Question 1

True or false, the spongy mesophyll is a tissue

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle on the top of the leaf

Answer 2

To reduce water loss
(It is a thin layer of lipids that the water can’t get through)

Question 3

Where are most stomata located in a leaf and why

Answer 3

Underside
To prevent water loss through evaporation as it is shaded so cooler

Question 4

Why is the upper epidermis transparent

Answer 4

Allow light to pass through to reach palisade cells for photosynthesis

Question 5

Where are the epidermis located in the leaf

Answer 5

Top (upper)
Bottom (lower)
(Single layer of cells to protect against water loss)

Question 6

What is the upper and lower epidermis

Answer 6

Single layer of cells to protect against water loss but transparent to still let light pass through

Question 7

True or false, the waxy cuticle and epidermis both protects against water loss

Answer 7

True
Waxy cuticle (waterproof layer) is very outer layer of leaf followed by epidermis (single layer of cells)

Question 8

What is transpiration

Answer 8

Movement of water from roots to leaves through xylem and then the loss of water by evaporation through the stomata

Question 9

4 factors affecting rate of transpiration

Answer 9

Humidity
Temperature
Wind
light

Question 10

How humidity affects rate of transpiration

Answer 10

More humid= slower rate so less water loss
(When it’s humid there’s already lots of water in the air so less of it evaporates from the leaf)

Question 11

How light affects rate of transpiration

Answer 11

Higher light intensity increases rate as stomata open wider for more CO2 to be let in for photosynthesis but in turn water is lost

Question 12

How wind affects rate of transpiration

Answer 12

More wind increases rate
Water vapour is removed quickly by wind so concentration gradient is steeper

Question 13

How temperature effects rate of transpiration

Answer 13

Higher temperature increases rate because water evaporates faster in higher temperatures

Question 14

What is translocation

Answer 14

Movement of dissolved sugars from leaves to rest of plant through phloem

Question 15

Importance of transpiration in plants

Answer 15

Provides water to cells to keep them turgid
Provides water to cells for photosynthesis
Transports mineral ions to leaves

Question 16

Importance of translocation in plants

Answer 16

Moves dissolved sugars produced in photosynthesis to other parts of plant allowing respiration, growth and glucose storage

Question 17

When guard cells are turgid are the stomata open or closed

Answer 17

Open
(When they are turgid they have lots of water so swell up and curve away from each other so open the stomata)
When they are flaccid (lack of water) the stomata close

Question 18

Is a leaf a cell, tissue or organ

Answer 18

Organ

Question 19

True or false, layers of cells in a plant are tissues e.g the upper epidermis is a tissue

Answer 19

True
(Tissue = group of cells with similar structure and function)

Question 20

What colour does iodine turn to if starch is present

Answer 20

Blue/ black

Question 21

What colour is iodine solution

Answer 21

Orange

Question 22

How many test tubes do you need for the enzymes RPA (effect of analyse on PH)

Answer 22

3
(One for starch solution, one for analyse solution, one for buffer PH solution)

Question 23

What equipment do you need for the effect of enzymes (analyse) on PH RPA

Answer 23

Spotting tile
3 test tubes
Stirring rod
Iodine solution
2cm cubed buffer solution with different PH
2cm cubed analyse solution
2 cm cubed starch solution
Water bath at 30 degrees
Stopwatch

Question 24

First stage of effect of enzymes on PH RPA

Answer 24

Take a spotting stile and use a pipette to add one drop of iodine solution (orange) to each well (hole)

Question 25

What do you do once each well in the spotting tile had a drop of iodine solution in

Answer 25

Take 3 test tubes and use a pipette to measure 2cm cubed of starch solution, analyse solution and buffer PH solution and add each different solution to each test tube

Question 26

What temperature should the water bath be for enzymes RPA

Answer 26

30 degrees

Question 27

Why do the test tubes for enzymes RPA need to be placed in a 30 degree water bath for 10 mins

Answer 27

Allows them all to reach the correct temperature so analyse enzymes are at optimum temperature to react and therefore it is only the PH that effects the reaction, not temperature

Question 28

What is a tumour

Answer 28

Lump of cells formed by uncontrolled cell division and growth.

Question 29

A tumour is a lump of cells formed by

Answer 29

Uncontrolled cell division and growth

Question 30

What is a carcinogen

Answer 30

Chemical/ other agent that causes cancer

Question 31

Name for chemical/ other agent that causes cancer

Answer 31

Carcinogen

Question 32

Which type of tumour is cancerous

Answer 32

Malignant

Question 33

Which type of tumour isn't cancerous

Answer 33

Benign

Question 34

Which type of tumour invades other parts of the body

Answer 34

Malignant

Question 35

Describe a malignant tumour

Answer 35

Type of tumour formed by uncontrolled cell division that grows quickly and invades neighbouring tissues and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream (is cancerous)

Question 36

How can a malignant tumour spread to other parts of the body

Answer 36

Bloodstream

Question 37

Describe a benign tumour

Answer 37

Not cancerous. Formed from uncontrolled cell division but grows slowly, doesn't invade other parts of the body and can easily be removed

Question 38

Where does a benign tumour usually grow

Answer 38

Within the cell membrane

Question 39

What type of process causes the cells that form a tumour to divide

Answer 39

Mitosis

Question 40

Where is bile produced, stored and added

Answer 40

Produced by liver, stored in gall bladder, added to small intestine

Question 41

2 functions of bile (produced in liver, stored in gall bladder, added to small intestine)

Answer 41

Emulsifies fats- breaks them down into smaller molecules to increase surface area for lioase enzymes to work on Neutralises acid from stomach- creates optimum ph for enzymes

Question 42

2 key adaptations of xylem

Answer 42

Thick walls strengthened by lignin to stop water bursting through Made of dead cells joined together with no end walls to form a continuous hollow tube

Question 43

2 adaptations of phloem

Answer 43

Companion cells attach to each sieve plate to provide energy for transportation of dissolved sugars Made up of sieve tubes

Question 44

What are the 4 food tests

Answer 44

Iodine (starch) orange to black/ blue Benedict's (glucose) blue to red Biuret (protein) blue to purple Ethanol (fats) colourless to cloudy

Question 45

What is used to test for protein

Answer 45

Biuret solution

Question 46

What is used to test for glucose

Answer 46

Benedicts solution

Question 47

What is used to test for starch

Answer 47

Iodine solution

Question 48

What is used to test for fats

Answer 48

Ethanol

Question 49

Colour change of Biuret solution if protein is present

Answer 49

Blue to purple

Question 50

Colour change of iodine solution if starch is present

Answer 50

Orange to blue/ black

Question 51

Colour change of Benedict's solution if glucose is present

Answer 51

Blue to red

Question 52

Colour change of ethanol if fats are present

Answer 52

Colourless to cloudy

Question 53

If what is present ethanol will turn from what to what

Answer 53

Fats, colourless, cloudy

Question 54

If what is present Benedicts solution will turn from what to what

Answer 54

Glucose, blue, red

Question 55

If what is present iodine will then from what to what

Answer 55

Starch, orange, blue/ black

Question 56

If what is present biuret solution will turn from what to what

Answer 56

Protein, blue, purple

Question 57

Function of epithelial tissue in stomach

Answer 57

Covers inside and outside of stomach

Question 58

What is a stent

Answer 58

Mesh like cage that inflates in order to open up the coronary artery to allow more blood carrying oxygen to flow and be supplied to the heart Risk of infection and blood clotting

Question 59

What is a statin

Answer 59

Drugs that reduce cholesterol levels to reduce build up of fatty deposits in coronary arteries making room for more blood to flow through so more oxygen can be supplied to the heart No need for surgery, may have side effects like headaches and sickness

Question 60

Which arteries supply oxygen for respiration

Answer 60

Coronary arteries

Question 61

Which ventricle has thicker muscle wall and why

Answer 61

Left ventricle To pump the blood away from the heart at a high pressure to get the whole way round the body

Question 62

Generally do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

Answer 62

Oxygenated to get to the rest of the body (except the pulmonary artery)