Organisation Flashcards
True or false, the spongy mesophyll is a tissue
True
What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle on the top of the leaf
To reduce water loss
(It is a thin layer of lipids that the water can’t get through)
Where are most stomata located in a leaf and why
Underside
To prevent water loss through evaporation as it is shaded so cooler
Why is the upper epidermis transparent
Allow light to pass through to reach palisade cells for photosynthesis
Where are the epidermis located in the leaf
Top (upper)
Bottom (lower)
(Single layer of cells to protect against water loss)
What is the upper and lower epidermis
Single layer of cells to protect against water loss but transparent to still let light pass through
True or false, the waxy cuticle and epidermis both protects against water loss
True
Waxy cuticle (waterproof layer) is very outer layer of leaf followed by epidermis (single layer of cells)
What is transpiration
Movement of water from roots to leaves through xylem and then the loss of water by evaporation through the stomata
4 factors affecting rate of transpiration
Humidity
Temperature
Wind
light
How humidity affects rate of transpiration
More humid= slower rate so less water loss
(When it’s humid there’s already lots of water in the air so less of it evaporates from the leaf)
How light affects rate of transpiration
Higher light intensity increases rate as stomata open wider for more CO2 to be let in for photosynthesis but in turn water is lost
How wind affects rate of transpiration
More wind increases rate
Water vapour is removed quickly by wind so concentration gradient is steeper
How temperature effects rate of transpiration
Higher temperature increases rate because water evaporates faster in higher temperatures
What is translocation
Movement of dissolved sugars from leaves to rest of plant through phloem
Importance of transpiration in plants
Provides water to cells to keep them turgid
Provides water to cells for photosynthesis
Transports mineral ions to leaves
Importance of translocation in plants
Moves dissolved sugars produced in photosynthesis to other parts of plant allowing respiration, growth and glucose storage
When guard cells are turgid are the stomata open or closed
Open
(When they are turgid they have lots of water so swell up and curve away from each other so open the stomata)
When they are flaccid (lack of water) the stomata close
Is a leaf a cell, tissue or organ
Organ
True or false, layers of cells in a plant are tissues e.g the upper epidermis is a tissue
True
(Tissue = group of cells with similar structure and function)
What colour does iodine turn to if starch is present
Blue/ black
What colour is iodine solution
Orange
How many test tubes do you need for the enzymes RPA (effect of analyse on PH)
3
(One for starch solution, one for analyse solution, one for buffer PH solution)
What equipment do you need for the effect of enzymes (analyse) on PH RPA
Spotting tile
3 test tubes
Stirring rod
Iodine solution
2cm cubed buffer solution with different PH
2cm cubed analyse solution
2 cm cubed starch solution
Water bath at 30 degrees
Stopwatch
First stage of effect of enzymes on PH RPA
Take a spotting stile and use a pipette to add one drop of iodine solution (orange) to each well (hole)