Inheritance, Variation and Evoloution (Paper 2) Flashcards
2 main ways that organisms can reproduce
Sexual and asexual reproduction
True or false, some organisms can reproduce through both types of reproduction
True
E.g plants
What is fertilisation
Fusion of male and female gametes
Name for fusion of male and female gametes
Fertilisation
Why are the offspring of sexual reproduction genetically different to the parent
They contain a mixture of both parents genes, not just one
During sexual reproduction in plants which 2 gametes fuse together
Pollen and egg
3 examples of gametes
Sperm, egg, pollen
True or false, gametes only have half the genetic material of a normal cell
True
True or false, sexual reproduction always has to involve sex/ sexual Intercourse
False, as long as it involves the fusion of male and female gametes
E.g when plants reproduce through combination of pollen and egg cells
Which type of reproduction involves gametes
Only sexual
Does asexual reproduction involve any gametes
No
(Only sexual reproduction does)
In asexual reproduction is there any mixing of genetic material
No (as there’s only 1 parent)
In which type of reproduction are all the offspring identical clones
Asexual
Which type of reproduction is achieved by mitosis
Asexual
E.g in eukaryotic organisms, fungi and plants
Which process is used to create gametes
Meiosis
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the chemical that all our genetic material is made of
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
True or false, DNA is a polymer
True
It’s made up of lots of similar units stuck together
What is special about the 23rd pair of chromosomes
They are the sex chromosomes- there is an X chromosome and a Y chromosome
(Women have 2 X, men have 1 X and 1 Y)
Name for small section of DNA that codes for a particular type of protein
Gene
What is a gene
A small section of DNA that codes for a particular type of protein
How many different types of amino acid are there
20
Name for entire set of genetic material in an organism
Genome
What is meant by genome
Entire set of genetic material in an organism