Cells Flashcards
What type of cell is a potato cell
Root hair cell
As organisms get larger does their surface area to volume ratio increase or decrease
Decreases
E.g a cow has a small surface area to volume ratio but a mushroom has a large surface area to volume ratio
What does a small surface area to volume ratio mean
Less surface area compared to their volume
What does a high/ big surface area to volume ratio mean
More surface area available in comparison to their volume
Do bacteria have a low or high surface area to volume ratio
High
(Lots of surface area compared to their volume)
Do cows have a high or low surface area to volume ratio
Low
Not much surface area in comparison to volume
Which is a larger surface area to volume ratio 6:1 or 2:1
6:1 as there is more surface area (6) compared to volume (1)
Why can’t humans rely on diffusion for all of our needs but bacteria can
Bacteria have high surface area to volume ratio so can rely on diffusion across their surface to exchange everything they need
Humans have a low surface area to volume ratio so diffusion across our surface alone isn’t enough to exchange everything we need
True or false, in organisms with a low surface area to volume ratio, the diffusion distance is too large to meet the demands of the cell/ organism
True e.g humans
(That’s why we have transport systems inside us e.g respiratory system)
Why do organisms with a higher surface area to volume ratio have a greater metabolic rate
More surface area to lose heat from so will lose heat more quickly
Will need greater rate of respiration (part of metabolism) to generate heat to keep itself warm
What is the relative size of a bacterial cell
0.2-2 micrometres
What is the relative size of an animal cell
10-30 micrometres
What is the relative size of a plant cell
10-100 micrometres
Which tend to be bigger plant or animal cells
Plant
List all parts of prokaryotic (bacterial) cell
Slime capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, flagella, cytoplasm, plasmid, ribosomes, genetic material
Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic (bacterial) cell
Plasmid
(Small loop of DNA)
Where is genetic information found in a prokaryotic (bacterial) cell
Genetic material
Plasmid (small loop of DNA)
True or false, bacterial cells contain mitochondria and ribosomes
False
They only contain ribosomes
3x Sperm cell adaptations
Long tail- helps it swim through water to reach egg cell and fertilise it
Middle section- full of mitochondria to release energy that it needs to swim to reach egg cell
Acrosome- stores digestive enzymes to break down outer layers of egg
Purpose of acrosome in sperm cell
Contains digestive enzymes to break down outer layer of egg cell
Purpose of middle section in sperm cell
Contains lots of mitochondria to release lots of energy needed to swim and reach egg cell
2x adaptations of nerve cell
Nerve endings (synapses) contain lots of mitochondria- provide energy to make transmitter chemicals which then pass impulses to other cells
Branched endings (dendrites)- make connections with other neurones and effectors
Fatty sheath- insulates nerve cell to speed up impulses
Why do synapses (nerve endings of nerve cells) contain lots of mitochondria
Release energy needed to make transmitter chemicals which then pass impulses to other cells
Purpose of branched endings (dendrites) of nerve cells
Send electrical impulses to neurones and effectors (make connections to other nerve cells)
