Organisation Flashcards
Active Site
the area that is the correct shape for the substrate to attatch
Amino Acids
the product of digesting proteins
Amylase
produced in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine, breaks starch down into glucose
Anus
ring of muscle that closes off the digestive tract
Appendix
small tube at the end of the large intestine that stores bacteria
Bile
neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach and emulsifies fat in small droplets to increase the surface area
Caecum
pouch containing the small and large intestine
Carbohydrase
produced in the small intestine and pancreas, breaks carbohydrates down into simple sugars
Carbohydrates
produce simple sugars, broken up by carbohydrase
Catalyse
to speed up chemical reactions in an organism
Catalyst
substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is left unchanged at the end
Chemical Digestion
digestion involving chemical changes
Coeliac Disease
where the villi cannot absorb nutrients properly
Denature
how an enzyme changes shape, normally because it has been heated up, instead of dying
Duodenum
the first part of the small intestine
Emulsify
to break up large droplets of fat into smaller droplets
Enzyme
biological catalyst
Fatty Acids
one of the products of digesting lipase
Fistula
a hole in the stomach
Glucose
a sugar found in the body, the product of digesting starch
Glycerol
one of the products of digesting lipase
Ileum
third part of the small intestine
Jejunum
second part of the small intestine
Large Intestine
absorbs water so food can become drier and thicker in consistency to form faeces
Lipase
produced in pancreas and small intestine, breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol
Lipids
produce fatty acids and glycerol, broken down by lipase
Liver
where bile is stored before going to the gall bladder
Lock and Key
how enzymes and substrates attatch
Lumen
space in the interior of a tubular structure, eg the intestines
Metabolism
the total of all chemical reactions in an organism
Microvilli
tiny projections on the villi
Mouth
where mechanical digestion occurs and where salivary amylase is released
Oesophagus
thick muscular walled tube that carries food to the stomach
Pancreas
large gland that produces pancreatic juice containing amylase, lipase and protease
Pancreatic Duct
joins the pancreas to the bile duct
Pepsin
chemical found in the stomach with hydrochloric acid
Peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles in organs such as the intestines and oesophagus that push the contents of that organ forward
Physical Digestion
digestion involving physical changes
Protease
produced in stomach, pancreas and small intestine, breaks proteins down into amino acids
Proteins
produce amino acids, broken down by protease
Rectum
stores faeces
Salivary Gland
situated near the mouth to contain amylase which breaks down starch into sugars
Semi-Permeable Membrane
allow some substances through, but not others, such as in intestines, where smaller molecules can get through but larger ones can’t
Simple Sugars
product of digesting carboyhydates
Simple Sugars
product of digesting carbohydrates
Small Intestine
long muscular tube where food is further digested by enzymes. Inner walls are folded to form villi that give a large surface area. This is where good is absorbed into the blood stream
Starch
produces glucose, broken down by amylase
Stomach
muscular sack with an inner layer that secrets enzymes, with glands that produce mucus that protect the stomach from being digested by the enzymes or the hydrochloric acid that is produced to kill bacteria and break down food
Substrate
the part that attatches to the enzyme during lock and key
Triglyceride
an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups
Villi
microscopic things on the inner wall of the intestine that absorb food into the bloodstream, compromised of one artery and one vein, a strand of muscle, a centrally located lymphatic capillary and connective tissue that adds support to structures
