Organisation

Question 1

Active Site

Answer 1

the area that is the correct shape for the substrate to attatch

Question 2

Amino Acids

Answer 2

the product of digesting proteins

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

produced in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine, breaks starch down into glucose

Question 4

Anus

Answer 4

ring of muscle that closes off the digestive tract

Question 5

Appendix

Answer 5

small tube at the end of the large intestine that stores bacteria

Question 6

Bile

Answer 6

neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach and emulsifies fat in small droplets to increase the surface area

Question 7

Caecum

Answer 7

pouch containing the small and large intestine

Question 8

Carbohydrase

Answer 8

produced in the small intestine and pancreas, breaks carbohydrates down into simple sugars

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

produce simple sugars, broken up by carbohydrase

Question 10

Catalyse

Answer 10

to speed up chemical reactions in an organism

Question 11

Catalyst

Answer 11

substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is left unchanged at the end

Question 12

Chemical Digestion

Answer 12

digestion involving chemical changes

Question 13

Coeliac Disease

Answer 13

where the villi cannot absorb nutrients properly

Question 14

Denature

Answer 14

how an enzyme changes shape, normally because it has been heated up, instead of dying

Question 15

Duodenum

Answer 15

the first part of the small intestine

Question 16

Emulsify

Answer 16

to break up large droplets of fat into smaller droplets

Question 17

Enzyme

Answer 17

biological catalyst

Question 18

Fatty Acids

Answer 18

one of the products of digesting lipase

Question 19

Fistula

Answer 19

a hole in the stomach

Question 20

Glucose

Answer 20

a sugar found in the body, the product of digesting starch

Question 21

Glycerol

Answer 21

one of the products of digesting lipase

Question 22

Ileum

Answer 22

third part of the small intestine

Question 23

Jejunum

Answer 23

second part of the small intestine

Question 24

Large Intestine

Answer 24

absorbs water so food can become drier and thicker in consistency to form faeces

Question 25

Lipase

Answer 25

produced in pancreas and small intestine, breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 26

Lipids

Answer 26

produce fatty acids and glycerol, broken down by lipase

Question 27

Liver

Answer 27

where bile is stored before going to the gall bladder

Question 28

Lock and Key

Answer 28

how enzymes and substrates attatch

Question 29

Lumen

Answer 29

space in the interior of a tubular structure, eg the intestines

Question 30

Metabolism

Answer 30

the total of all chemical reactions in an organism

Question 31

Microvilli

Answer 31

tiny projections on the villi

Question 32

Mouth

Answer 32

where mechanical digestion occurs and where salivary amylase is released

Question 33

Oesophagus

Answer 33

thick muscular walled tube that carries food to the stomach

Question 34

Pancreas

Answer 34

large gland that produces pancreatic juice containing amylase, lipase and protease

Question 35

Pancreatic Duct

Answer 35

joins the pancreas to the bile duct

Question 36

Pepsin

Answer 36

chemical found in the stomach with hydrochloric acid

Question 37

Peristalsis

Answer 37

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles in organs such as the intestines and oesophagus that push the contents of that organ forward

Question 38

Physical Digestion

Answer 38

digestion involving physical changes

Question 39

Protease

Answer 39

produced in stomach, pancreas and small intestine, breaks proteins down into amino acids

Question 40

Proteins

Answer 40

produce amino acids, broken down by protease

Question 41

Rectum

Answer 41

stores faeces

Question 42

Salivary Gland

Answer 42

situated near the mouth to contain amylase which breaks down starch into sugars

Question 43

Semi-Permeable Membrane

Answer 43

allow some substances through, but not others, such as in intestines, where smaller molecules can get through but larger ones can’t

Question 44

Simple Sugars

Answer 44

product of digesting carboyhydates

Question 45

Simple Sugars

Answer 45

product of digesting carbohydrates

Question 46

Small Intestine

Answer 46

long muscular tube where food is further digested by enzymes. Inner walls are folded to form villi that give a large surface area. This is where good is absorbed into the blood stream

Question 47

Starch

Answer 47

produces glucose, broken down by amylase

Question 48

Stomach

Answer 48

muscular sack with an inner layer that secrets enzymes, with glands that produce mucus that protect the stomach from being digested by the enzymes or the hydrochloric acid that is produced to kill bacteria and break down food

Question 49

Substrate

Answer 49

the part that attatches to the enzyme during lock and key

Question 50

Triglyceride

Answer 50

an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups

Question 51

Villi

Answer 51

microscopic things on the inner wall of the intestine that absorb food into the bloodstream, compromised of one artery and one vein, a strand of muscle, a centrally located lymphatic capillary and connective tissue that adds support to structures