Hormones Flashcards
Adrenaline
makes your heart beat faster and helps you breathe more efficiently
Auxin
hormone found in the shoots of plants
Basic Metabolic Rate
the speed at which oxygen and food products react to release energy into the body
Benedict’s Test
test for sugar, turns orange
Biuret’s Test
test for protein
Chemotropism
the tropism that causes roots to grow towards soil minerals
Contraceptive Methods
ways to stop women getting pregnant
Oral Contraceptive
release FSH, therefore affecting the ovaries to make sure no eggs mature, preventing pregnancy, and prevent the uterus lining developing
Implant or Skin Patch
similar to the contraceptive, these release progesterone to prevent sperm reaching the egg due to thickened mucus
Barrier Methods
create a barrier, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg
Spermicide
kills sperm so it cannot reach the egg
Intrauterine Methods
small structures inserted not the uterus by a doctor which release either copper, which prevents early embryos implanting in the uterus, or progesterone, which thickens the mucus of the cervix, preventing pregnancy
Surgical Methods
involve cutting or tying either the man’s sperm ducts or the women’s oviducts
Vasectomy
where sperm ducts are cut or tied, stopping sperm from reaching the eggs
Hysterectomy
where oviducts are cut or tied, stopping eggs from reaching the sperm
Abstinence
not having sex prevents getting pregnant
Deamination
a process occurring in the liver that removes the amino group from an amino acid to produce ammonia
Endocrine System
a system made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to coordinate the body
Ethene
a plant hormone that causes fruit to ripen
Fertility Treatments
treatments that help couples conceive
Hormonal Treatments
involves changing people’s hormones to increase their chances of conceiving
Artificial Insemination
involves putting sperm in in an artificial way
IVF
In-Vitro Fertilisation
where the egg and sperm are put together outside the body and then placed inside the womb
FSH
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
hormone that causes an egg to mature and stimulate the ovaries to produce oestrogen
Fructose
a type of simple sugar
Geotropism
the tropism that causes shoots to grow away from gravity and roots to grow towards it
Gibberellins
initiates seed germination, used by florists to make sure flowers are available all year round
Glands
points in the body where hormones are secreted directly into the bloodsteam
Adrenal
prepares the body for stressful situations by eliciting the ‘fight or flight’ response, located on each kidney
Ovaries
controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the menstrual cycle
Pancreas
controls the level of glucose in the blood
Pituitary
controls growth in children, stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine to control the rate of metabolism, in women, it stimulates the ovaries to produce and release eggs and to produce oestrogen, and in men, it stimulates the testes to produce sperm and testosterone, located in the brain
Testes
controls the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the production of sperm
Thyroid
controls the metabolic rate of the body, located in the throat
Glucagon
hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels, breaks down glycogen into glucose
Hormone
chemical messages that coordinate systems and travel in the bloodstream to cause a change in how the body works
Hydrotropism
the tropism that causes roots to grow towards water
Hyperthyroidism
where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine
Hypothyroidism
where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroxine
Insulin
allows cells to absorb glucose in the blood, controls storage of glycogen in the liver
Iodine
tests for starch, turns blue-black
LH
Luteinising Hormone
hormone that causes mature eggs to be released from the ovary
Negative Feedback
where levels of one hormone and controlled by another
Oestrogen
hormone that stops the production of FSH, causes the pituitary gland to secrete LH
Optimum Temperature
temperature where the reaction works as fast as possible
Phototropism
the tropism that causes shoots to grow towards the light and roots to grow away from it
Progesterone
maintains the lining of the uterus wall
Rooting Powder
promotes root growth, eg in cuttings
Sudan III
tests for lipids, turns red
Target Organ
the specific organ on which a drug, hormone or other substance acts
Testosterone
the male hormone
Thigotropism
the tropism that causes shoots to grow towards touch, eg ivy
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
the hormone that regulates the amount of thyroxine hormone in the body
Thyroxine
the hormone that the thyroid gland secretes into the bloodstream, controls the basic metabolic rate and plays an important role in growth and development
Tropism
directional growth response
Positive Tropism
causes plants to grow towards stimuli
Negative Tropism
causes plants to grow away from stimuli
Weedkillers
contains a hormone forcing the plants to grow too quickly so that they cannot photosynthesise fast enough and die of stress, used in biological warfare
Glucagon
hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels, breaks down glycogen into glucose
Xerostomia
when your mouth goes dry, often due to stress or anxiety as, when you are stressed, your body suppresses the digestion system so that most of the body’s resources are available for fight or flight, which includes suppressing salivation
