Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology GCSE > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

Acrosome

A

part of the sperm cell that contains digestive enzymes for breaking down outer layers of the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Actin

A

a protein that, together with myosin, forms the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actin-Myosin Bundle

A

a bundle of actin and myosin proteins found on smooth muscle cells that form the contractile filaments in muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Apical Meristem

A

growth region in plants found within root tips and the tips of new shoots and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon Collateral

A

a branch of the main axon that feeds back to the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Axon Hillock

A

joins the soma to the axon in the neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biconcave

A

something that curves in in two places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell

A

the building block of life, all living things are made up of one or more cells, e.g. white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell Body

A

the spherical part of the neurone that contains the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell Capsule

A

an envelope around the cell wall found in some bacteria cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell Cycle

A

the life cycle of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell Division

A

when cells divide, they copy their DNA so that each new cell has the same genetic information. Cells divide for growth, repair and to specialise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cell Equator

A

centre of the cell, where chromosomes line up during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell Membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell Pole

A

where chromosomes migrate to during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cellulose

A

an insoluble structure that supports cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell Wall

A

helps provide strength and structure to the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chloroplasts

A

perform photosynthesis in plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Companion Cell

A

a cell that helps transport substances through the sieve cells of the phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Concave

A

something that curves inwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the fluid part of the cell where many reactions happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dense Bodies

A

areas of electron density on smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Differentiation

A

the process for making specialised cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diffusion

A

the spreading out of particles resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Electron Microscope

A

invented in the 1930s, these microscopes use beams of electrons to magnify things up to 2 million times, but are far more expensive and difficult to use than light microscopes, and only magnify dead things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope

A

have a lower magnification than transmission electron microscopes but can produce 3D images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope

A

have a higher magnification than scanning electron microscopes but only produce 2D images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Embryonic Stem Cell

A

makes all types of stem cells in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Eukaryote

A

cells such as fungi, plant and animal cells, which have a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Flagellum

A

a small thread-like structure that helps cells to swim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Gamete

A

a sex cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Inoculating Loop

A

a simple tool used mainly by microbiologists to pick up and transfer a small sample of microorganisms from a microbial culture for streaking on a culture plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Light Microscope

A

microscopes that use light sources to magnify things up to 2000 times, can magnify alive and dead things, far cheaper and easier to use than electron microscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Lignin Spiral

A

helps support tissues in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Magnification

A

the measure of how much bigger the image is than the object

magnification = size of image / size of object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Microscopy

A

use of a microscope

37
Q

Middle Section

A

part of a sperm cell that contains mitochondria to make it move

38
Q

Mitochondria

A

perform aerobic respiration, providing the cell with energy

39
Q

Mitochondrial Eve

A

the name given to the most recent common female ancestor of all humans, who lived around 200000 years ago

40
Q

Mitosis

A

the process of cell division

41
Q

Multipotent

A

stem cells that have the ability to make some types of specialised cells

42
Q

Murein

A

what the cell wall is made of

43
Q

Myosin

A

a fibrous protein that, together with actin, forms the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cell

44
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

spaces between the myelin coating on the neurone’s axon

45
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

membrane of the nucleus

46
Q

Nucleus

A

contains a cell’s DNA and genetic information

47
Q

Organ

A

structure made up of more than one tissue, i.e. heart contains muscle, nerve, fat and connective tissue

48
Q

Organelle

A

small component found inside a cell, eg nucleus

49
Q

Organism

A

individual living being, eg blue whale

50
Q

Organ System

A

group of organs that work together, eg digestive system

51
Q

Parent Cell

A

cell that splits during mitosis

52
Q

Palisade Cell

A

plant cells packed with chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis

53
Q

Phagocytosis

A

the process by which a cell engulfs a particle and digests it

54
Q

Phloem

A

cells which transport sugars produced in the leaves up and down the stem to growing and storage issues

55
Q

Phloem Vessel

A

tissue made up of phloem cells

56
Q

Pili

A

short curled hairs on the surface of certain bacteria that are involved in the attachment of the bacteria to other cells

57
Q

Plasmids

A

small loops of DNA

58
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm

59
Q

Pluripotent

A

stem cells that have the ability to make all types of specialised cells

60
Q

Prokaryotes

A

bacteria cells which don’t have a nucleus, only a big loop of DNA and a cell wall made of slime

61
Q

Protists

A

a form of single-cell eukaryotes

62
Q

Red Blood Cell

A

cells containing haemoglobin for carrying oxygen, which have no mitochondria or nucleus, and are thin in the middle so oxygen can easily get to it

63
Q

Replication

A

when cells split, creating duplicate cells from one parent cell

64
Q

Resolution

A

the ability to distinguish between two separate points under a microscope

65
Q

Resolving Power

A

how much detail a microscope can show

66
Q

Ribosome

A

synthesises proteins

67
Q

Root Cap

A

mass of cells covering the growth tip of a plant

68
Q

Root Hair Cell

A

helps to absorb water and minerals from the soil by increasing the surface area of the root

69
Q

Sieve Plate

A

secretes proteins through the sieve tube

70
Q

Sieve Tube

A

transports sugars through the phloem

71
Q

Slime Wall

A

protects the cell wall

72
Q

Soma

A

spherical part of the neurone that contains the nucleus

73
Q

Specialised Cells

A

cells adapted to do a certain job

74
Q

Specialism

A

specific job of a specific cell

75
Q

Sperm Cell

A

contain half the DNA needed to make a baby, the smallest animal cells

76
Q

Stem Cells

A

unspecialised cells that can be used to make specialised cells

77
Q

Tail

A

part of a sperm that helps it swim towards the egg

78
Q

Terminal Buttons

A

found at the end of dendrites, responsible for passing electrical signals on to other neurones

79
Q

Therapeutic Cloning

A

a procedure that involves produce an embryo with the same genes as the patient’s so that they are not rejected by the patient’s body

80
Q

Tissue

A

a group of similar cells, eg muscle epithelial cell

81
Q

Tissue Stem Cell

A

makes a few types of specialised cells

82
Q

Vacuole

A

permanent part of the cells that gives it structure, made of cell sap

83
Q

Vascular Bundle

A

xylem and phloem together

84
Q

Xylem

A

cells which transport water and minerals up from the stem from the shoots and leaves, which occurs in one direction only

85
Q

Zone of Cell Division

A

also known as the zone of maturation, where cells differentiate into different type so cells

86
Q

Zone of Differentiation

A

the epidermis of the root hair cell

87
Q

Zone of Elongation

A

part of the root hair cell that grows longer to allow roots to grow deeper into the soil

88
Q

Zygote

A

a single new cell

Biology GCSE (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions