Health Flashcards
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
where the immune system is badly damaged due to HIV
Agar Gel
a plant-based gelatine derived from seaweed
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
a plant disease caused by bacteria that causes galls to form on the plant and prevents the plant from growing, one of the few plant bacterial diseases
Amoebic Dystentery
internal infection caused by single-celled protists
Amoxicillin
a form of antibiotic that bacteria is starting to become resistant
Antibiotic Resistance
happens when bacteria become immune to antibiotics
Aspirin
an antibiotic made from the back of the willow tree
Bacterial Disease
a disease caused by bacteria
Benign Tumour
a tumour that stays in one place
Bioenergetics
the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms
Calcium Deficiency
leaves new leaves misshapen or stunted
Cancer
an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells caused by a genetic mutation
Carbon Dioxide Deficiency
only happens in overly-sealed greenhouses that causes white deposits on the leaves, stunted growth, and causes the plants to die back
Chemotherapy
drugs used to destroy dividing cells, destroying cancer cells which divide quickly. However, this can cause healthy cells to be harmed too. This may cause anaemia if bone marrow cells are harmed, nausea if intestines are harmed and hair loss if hair cells are harmed.
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
a group of progressive lung diseases characterised by persistent airflow limitation
Cirrhosis of the Liver
a disease that destroys liver tissue, often caused by excessive alcohol consumption
Cryosurgery
used on external tumours, such as retina, cervix and early-stage prostate cancer, where tumours are frozen with liquid nitrogen, causing it to dissolve and form a scab
Cryptosporidium
bowel infection caused by single-celled protists
Culture Medium
a liquid or gel used to support the growth of microorganisms or other cultures, often containing specific nutrients
Digitalis
a drug derived from foxgloves
Digoxin
the brand name for digitalis, used for heart conditions
Diphtheria
a highly contagious infection that affects the nose and throat, and sometimes the skin, able to vaccinated against
FASD
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
different disorders where an unborn baby is affected because of the mother’s alcohol consumption, causing disorders such as problems with teeth, jaw, liver, kidney or heat, or learning or developmental problems
Fungal Disease
a disease caused by fungi
Gene Therapy
where someone’s genetic code is edited to treat or cure illness or genetic disorder
Giardia
a communicable bowel infection caused by a single celled protists called parasite G intestinalis, can infect other animals
Gonorrhoea
a sexually transmitted disease usually caused by having unprotected sex, rarely has symptoms, may cause ectopic pregnancies
Health
a person’s mental and physical condition, not simply the absence of illness
Helicopter Pylori
an acid-tolerant bacteria that forms stomach ulcers and, in severe cases, stomach cancer
HIV
Human Immunosuppressant Virus
the virus that causes AIDS, caused by unprotected sex, destroys white blood cells and causes the immune system to be badly damaged
Iron Deficiency
leaves young leaves with green veins despite a yellow/white colour
Lifestyle Diseases
diseases caused partly by unhealthy behaviour and partly by other factors, e.g. gout, type 2 diabetes
Magnesium Deficiency
causes leaves to turn yellow in plants, leaving the veins green as magnesium is needed to create chlorophyll
Malaria
a communicable disease caused by protists found in the mosquito bite, which affects the liver and blood cells, can stay dormant in the body for years after being infected
Malignant Tumour
a tumour that spreads through the body by having bits break off and travel around in the blood stream
Manganese Deficiency
causes yellow spots and/or enlarged holes between the veins
Measles
a viral disease which causes fevers and skin rashes, spread in cough droplets and has no cure, so an infected person must be isolated. May cause brain damage leading to blindness, bowel issues and death
Nicotine
an addictive substance found in cigarettes that can cause fatal damage to cells
Nitrogen Deficiency
causes upper leaves to turn light green, lower leaves to turn yellow and bottom or older leaves to turn yellow and shriveled, as nitrogen is needed to make amino acids for protease
Pathogen
a bacteria, virus or microorganism that can cause disease
Phosphate Deficiency
causes leaves to turn darker than normal and causes the plant to lose its leaves
Poliomyelitis
a highly infectious viral disease that can affect nerves and cause paralysis
Potassium Deficiency
causes yellowing at the tips and edges, often in younger leaves, and causes dark or yellow patches to appear on leaves
Proton Beam Therapy
a type of cancer treatment where proton beams are aimed at the tumour
Radiotherapy
treatment where high energy radiation is used to shrink tumours and kill cancer cells by destroying their DNA, where the radiation is concentrated on one single place by several low-energy beams being converged on the tumours
Risk Factors
factors which make you more susceptible to disease, e.g. age, diet, body weight
Rose Black Spot
a plant disease caused by fungi that causes black lesions on the leaves so the leaf doesn’t photosynthesise well and dies
Salmonella
a communicable disease caused by salmonella bacteria which live in the guts of animals and can be found in raw meat, poultry eggs and egg products, can disrupt natural gut bacteria if the end up in your body, often caused by eating uncooked foods, causes 2.2 million deaths a year
STD
Sexually Transmitted Disease
diseases spread by unprotected sexual contact
Signs
what we can see, eg a rash
Sleeping Sickness
caused by a single celled protists and spread by tsetse flies, causes a fever that impacts the central nervous system
Smallpox
a virus characterised by deep sores, fever and back pain
Superbug
bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, such as MRSA
Symptoms
what we can feel, eg a headache
Tetanus
a bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasm of the voluntary muscles
TMV
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
a plant disease called by viruses that causes yellowing of the leaves, meaning they don’t photosynthesise well
Type 1 Diabetes
where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin
Type 2 Diabetes
a lifestyle disease where your cells stop responding to insulin
Vector
an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another
Viral Disease
a disease caused by a virus
Whooping Cough
a bacterial infection of the lungs and breathing tubes, that spreads very easily and can be vaccinated against
Willow Tree
tree from which aspirin is made of
