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Biology GCSE > Environment > Flashcards

Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

Abundance

A

a measure of how common a particular organism is in a given environment

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2
Q

Adaptations

A

special features organisms have which make it easier to survive in their habitat

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3
Q

Behavioural Adaptations

A

adaptations to do with behaviour

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4
Q

Functional Adaptations

A

adaptations to do with how an animal functions

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5
Q

Structural Adaptations

A

adaptations to do with structure, such as stem and leaf size

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6
Q

Anaerobic Decay

A

decomposition in the absence of oxygen (commonly occurring in
waterlogged soils) that produces carbon dioxide and methane gas

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7
Q

Apex Predator

A

predator at the top of the food chain

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8
Q

Biofuel

A

methane gas

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9
Q

Biogas

A

type of biofuel produced by anaerobic decay in biogas generators

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10
Q

Biomass

A

the dry mass in grams of living organisms, shows how much energy can be passed onto the next tropic level

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11
Q

Biomass Transfer

A

amount of biomass transferred down to the next trophic level

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12
Q

Biotechnology

A

the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes

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13
Q

Blubber

A

fat under animals’ skin

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14
Q

Blue Tongue

A

a disease common amongst European cattle, that spread across the channel to England when the climate warmed up, as it is spread by midges

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15
Q

Breeding Programmes

A

programmes done in places like zoos to encourage breeding between animals, ensuring there is as much genetic variation as possible, documenting everything

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16
Q

Bycatch

A

fish accidentally caught by trawlers

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17
Q

Camoulage

A

structural that prevents predators from seeing prey

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18
Q

Carnivores

A

get their nutrients by only consuming animals, so need teeth that can rip meat apart

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19
Q

Chemical Defences

A

releasing a chemical to deter a herbivore

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20
Q

Community

A

different species living in the same place at the same time

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21
Q

Competition

A

develops between species when niches overlap

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22
Q

Compost

A

dead or decaying organic matter, commonly used as a fertiliser

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23
Q

Courtship Display

A

a way of competing for mates by looking good

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24
Q

Demographic Transition Model

A

a graph showing the relation between the birth rate and death rate of a species

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25
Q

Distribution

A

where a particular organism is found within an environment

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26
Q

Ecosystem

A

the parts of an environment in the same place at the same time

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27
Q

Extremophiles

A

plants which survive and reproduce in the most difficult conditions

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28
Q

Factory Farming

A

also known as intensive farming, where the main aim is to have input and output levels as high as possible

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29
Q

Food Production

A

how food is produced and distributed

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30
Q

Food Security

A

having reliable access to sufficient amounts of affordable nutritious food

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31
Q

Free-Range Chickens

A

chickens who can move around as much as they like

32
Q

Fusarium

A

a large type of mould that can be used to make mycoproteins

33
Q

Geographical Changes

A

how environmental factors vary from place to place

34
Q

Golden Rice

A

genetically engineered rice with extra vitamin A

35
Q

Habitat

A

a place where an organism

36
Q

Heathland Restoration

A

replanted heathland helps encourage biodiversity

37
Q

Herbivores

A

get their nutrients by only consuming plants, so need teeth that can grind plants up

38
Q

Incident Energy

A

energy from light falling on Earth

39
Q

Intensive Farming

A

farming where the main aim is to having input and output levels as high as possible per unit of agricultural land area

40
Q

Interdependence

A

the network of relationships between different organisms within a community

41
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

competition between species eg red and grey squirrels

42
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

competition between the same species

43
Q

Limiting Factors

A

something which limits rate of reaction, for example, in plants

44
Q

Mark-Release-Recapture

A

a process for studying creatures like birds, where they are marked, often with a ring, released and later recaptured

45
Q

Meristem

A

parts of a plant that grow

46
Q

Mimicry

A

plants which make themselves look like other things

47
Q

Monocrop

A

one type of crop, not good for biodiversity

48
Q

Mutualism

A

where an animal gets a benefit from another animal, with something in return

49
Q

Mycoprotein

A

protein genetically grown from fungi, eg Quorn

50
Q

Natural Selection

A

how the best adapted organism survives competition and is able to reproduce

51
Q

Niche

A

role of an organism

52
Q

Organic Farming

A

farming using organic farming, eg no synthetic fertilisers

53
Q

Parasitism

A

where an animal gets some kind of benefit from another animal, without giving anything in return

54
Q

Particulates

A

tiny solid particles in the air

55
Q

Peat

A

a massive carbon store that contains many nutrients, can be fuel or fertilsers

56
Q

Peatlands

A

areas of peat soil in wetland habitats formed by the accumulation of partially decayed organic matter

57
Q

Percentage Cover

A

way of working out the amount of plants in a specific region using quadrants

58
Q

Physical Defences

A

a physical barrier that will stop a micro-organism from getting into a plant, e.g. antibacterial chemicals, poisons

59
Q

Population

A

a group of organisms all from the same species all in one place at one time

60
Q

Population Growth

A

the change in population over a specific time

61
Q

Predation

A

where animals are predators to other animals

62
Q

Predator

A

one organism eating another

63
Q

Predator-Prey Cycles

A

the relationship between numbers of predators and numbers of prey, eg if one decreases, another increases

64
Q

Protection of Rare Habitats

A

opposes destruction of habitats so animals can continue to breed in their natural habitat

65
Q

Quadrat

A

a sample area used to measure the abundance and distribution of organisms in a field

66
Q

Quinoa

A

a grain traditionally grown in Bolivia that is very nutritious but takes a lot of preparation. Nowadays, it is mainly shipped to America and Europe, whereas it has mainly been replaced with fast-cooking pasta in Bolivia

67
Q

Random Sampling

A

a method of choosing a sample of observations from a population to make assumptions about the population by choosing random parts to sample

68
Q

Reduction of Deforestation

A

this had to be done by governments introducing bans for deforestation, but helps increase biodiversity

69
Q

Seasonal Changes

A

how environmental factors vary at different times of year

70
Q

Smog

A

a haze of small particles and acidic gases that can be seen over major cities across the world

71
Q

Smoke Inhalation

A

causes an increase in the number of tiny solid particles in the air and can damage the lungs and cardiovascular system

72
Q

Species Frequency

A

how many of a species there are compared to other species

73
Q

Sustainable

A

the ability to preserve something for future generations

74
Q

Sustainable Food Production

A

producing and distributing food without having a negative impact on the environmental or the economy

75
Q

Thermophiles

A

bacteria which can survive at extreme temperatures

76
Q

Transect

A

a measuring line or area along which ecological measurements are made

Biology GCSE (12 decks)

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