organic synthesis map Flashcards

1
Q

How do you form CO2 and water from an alkane?

A

Complete Combustion

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2
Q

How do you form an alkene from an alkane?

A

Cracking

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3
Q

What is the process and conditions to form an alkane from an alkene?

A

-Electrophilic addition
-H2 gas via hydrogenation

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4
Q

What is the name of the process and conditions to form a halogenoalkane from an alkane?

A

-Halogenation (Free radical substitution)
-X2, UV light

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5
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an amine from a halogenoalkane.

A

-Nucleophilic substitution
-Excess ammonia and heat

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6
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form a nitrile from a halogenoalkane

A

-Nucleophilic substitution
-KCN, Ethanol , Reflux (heat)

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7
Q

Name the mechanism/process and conditions to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane

A

-Nucleophilic substitution / hydrolysis
-Warm NaOH in reflux

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8
Q

Name the process to form an alkene from a halogenoalkane and it’s conditions

A

-Elimination
-OH-, ethanol reflux

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9
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an alkene from a halogenoalkane

A

-Electrophilic addition
-HX or X2

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10
Q

What are the conditions to form an amine from a nitrile?

A

Nickel or hydrogen catalyst

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11
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an alcohol from an alkene

A

-Electrophilic addition
-H2SO4, Reflux

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12
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an alkene from an alcohol

A

Dehydration

H2O, C.H2SO4, reflux

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13
Q

How is glucose formed from an alcohol?

A

Fermentation in anaerobic conditions

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14
Q

Name the mechanism and conditions to form alkyl hydrogen sulfates from an alkene

A

Electrophilic addition

Cold C.H2SO4

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15
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an alcohol from alkyl hydrogen sulfates

A

Hydrolysis

H2O, Warm

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16
Q

name the process and conditions to form a ketone from alcohol

A

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

17
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an aldehyde from an alcohol

A

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

18
Q

Name process and conditions to form carboxylic acid from aldehyde

A

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

19
Q

Name process and conditions to form an alcohol from an Aldehyde

A

Reduction

NaBH4 (aq) , methanol

20
Q

Name process and conditions to form ester from alcohol

A

Esterification

Heat

21
Q

Name the process and conditions to form a salt from an ester

A

Alkaline hydrolysis

Dilute NaOH (aq), reflux

22
Q

Name the conditions to form an acrylic chloride / acid anhydride from an ester

A

Alcohol , 20°C

23
Q

Name the process and conditions to form carboxylic acid from ester

A

Acid hydrolysis

Dilute H2SO4, H20 , Reflux

24
Q

Name the process and conditions to form an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

Esterification

Alcohol, Conc H2SO4, Heat

25
What are the conditions to form carboxylic acid from acyl chloride/ acid anhydride
H20, 20°C
26
Name conditions to form N-substituted amide from Acyl chloride
Amine, 20°C
27
Name conditions to form primary amide from acyl chloride/acid anhydride
NH3 20°C
28
Name process to form amino acid from protein
Acid hydrolysis
29
Name process to form protein from amino acid
Condensation polymerisation
30
Name process to form salt from amino acid
Alkaline hydrolysis
31
Name conditions to form hydro unit rule from a ketone
KCN(aq), H2SO4, 20°C, reflux
32
Name conditions to form hydroxynitrile from aldehyde
KCN, H2SO4, 20°C, reflux