organic synthesis map

Question 1

How do you form CO2 and water from an alkane?

Answer 1

Complete Combustion

Question 2

How do you form an alkene from an alkane?

Answer 2

Cracking

Question 3

What is the process and conditions to form an alkane from an alkene?

Answer 3

-Electrophilic addition
-H2 gas via hydrogenation

Question 4

What is the name of the process and conditions to form a halogenoalkane from an alkane?

Answer 4

-Halogenation (Free radical substitution)
-X2, UV light

Question 5

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an amine from a halogenoalkane.

Answer 5

-Nucleophilic substitution
-Excess ammonia and heat

Question 6

Name the mechanism and conditions to form a nitrile from a halogenoalkane

Answer 6

-Nucleophilic substitution
-KCN, Ethanol , Reflux (heat)

Question 7

Name the mechanism/process and conditions to form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane

Answer 7

-Nucleophilic substitution / hydrolysis
-Warm NaOH in reflux

Question 8

Name the process to form an alkene from a halogenoalkane and it’s conditions

Answer 8

-Elimination
-OH-, ethanol reflux

Question 9

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an alkene from a halogenoalkane

Answer 9

-Electrophilic addition
-HX or X2

Question 10

What are the conditions to form an amine from a nitrile?

Answer 10

Nickel or hydrogen catalyst

Question 11

Name the mechanism and conditions to form an alcohol from an alkene

Answer 11

-Electrophilic addition
-H2SO4, Reflux

Question 12

Name the process and conditions to form an alkene from an alcohol

Answer 12

Dehydration

H2O, C.H2SO4, reflux

Question 13

How is glucose formed from an alcohol?

Answer 13

Fermentation in anaerobic conditions

Question 14

Name the mechanism and conditions to form alkyl hydrogen sulfates from an alkene

Answer 14

Electrophilic addition

Cold C.H2SO4

Question 15

Name the process and conditions to form an alcohol from alkyl hydrogen sulfates

Answer 15

Hydrolysis

H2O, Warm

Question 16

name the process and conditions to form a ketone from alcohol

Answer 16

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

Question 17

Name the process and conditions to form an aldehyde from an alcohol

Answer 17

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

Question 18

Name process and conditions to form carboxylic acid from aldehyde

Answer 18

Oxidation

Acidified K2Cr2O7 , reflux

Question 19

Name process and conditions to form an alcohol from an Aldehyde

Answer 19

Reduction

NaBH4 (aq) , methanol

Question 20

Name process and conditions to form ester from alcohol

Answer 20

Esterification

Heat

Question 21

Name the process and conditions to form a salt from an ester

Answer 21

Alkaline hydrolysis

Dilute NaOH (aq), reflux

Question 22

Name the conditions to form an acrylic chloride / acid anhydride from an ester

Answer 22

Alcohol , 20°C

Question 23

Name the process and conditions to form carboxylic acid from ester

Answer 23

Acid hydrolysis

Dilute H2SO4, H20 , Reflux

Question 24

Name the process and conditions to form an ester from a carboxylic acid

Answer 24

Esterification

Alcohol, Conc H2SO4, Heat

Question 25

What are the conditions to form carboxylic acid from acyl chloride/ acid anhydride

Answer 25

H20, 20°C

Question 26

Name conditions to form N-substituted amide from Acyl chloride

Answer 26

Amine, 20°C

Question 27

Name conditions to form primary amide from acyl chloride/acid anhydride

Answer 27

NH3
20°C

Question 28

Name process to form amino acid from protein

Answer 28

Acid hydrolysis

Question 29

Name process to form protein from amino acid

Answer 29

Condensation polymerisation

Question 30

Name process to form salt from amino acid

Answer 30

Alkaline hydrolysis

Question 31

Name conditions to form hydro unit rule from a ketone

Answer 31

KCN(aq), H2SO4, 20°C, reflux

Question 32

Name conditions to form hydroxynitrile from aldehyde

Answer 32

KCN, H2SO4, 20°C, reflux