organic synthesis

Question 1

alkene > alkane

Answer 1

-H2 (r)
-Ni catalyst (c)
-electrophilic addition

Question 2

alkane > haloalkane

Answer 2

-X2 (r)
-uv light (c)

Question 3

alkene > haloalkane

Answer 3

• H-X
  -Nucleophilic sub

Question 4

haloalkane > nitrile

Answer 4

-NaCN in ethanol (R)
-heat under reflux (c)

Question 5

haloalkane > amine

Answer 5

-conc NH3 in ethanol (r)
-heat (c)

Question 6

Nitrile > amine

Answer 6

-H2/Ni

Question 7

haloalkane > 1 alcohol

Answer 7

• NaOH aq (r)
  -reflux (c)

Question 8

2 alcohol > haloalkane

Answer 8

-H2SO4 (r)
- Na-X (r)
- sodium halide/H2SO4

Question 9

alkene > alcohol

Answer 9

-steam H2O/ H3PO4

Question 10

alcohol > alkene

Answer 10

-H3PO4
-or H2SO4 heat

Question 11

alcohol > ester

Answer 11

-carboxylic acid
-conc H2SO4 or acid anhydride

Question 12

aldehyde > 1 alcohol

Answer 12

-NaBH4

Question 13

1 alcohol > aldehyde

Answer 13

-K2Cr7O7/H2SO4
-distillation

Question 14

1 alcohol > carboxylic acid

Answer 14

-K2Cr7O7/H2SO4
-reflux

Question 15

2 alcohol > ketone

Answer 15

-K2CR7O7/H2SO4
-Reflux

Question 16

ketone > 2 alcohol

Answer 16

-NaBH4

Question 17

Ketone > hydroxynitrile

Answer 17

-NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)

Question 18

hydroxynitrile > amine

Answer 18

-H2/Ni

Question 19

aldehyde > hydroxynitrile

Answer 19

-NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)

Question 20

aldehyde > carboxylic acid

Answer 20

-K2Cr2O7/H2S4
-Reflux

Question 21

carboxylic acid > ester

Answer 21

-alcohol/conc H2SO4

Question 22

ester > carboxylic acid

Answer 22

-dilute acid
-heat

Question 23

nitrile > carboxylic acid

Answer 23

-H2O/HCL
-heat

Question 24

carboxylic acid > acyl chloride

Answer 24

-SOCl2

Question 25

acyl chloride > carboxylic acid

Answer 25

-H2O

Question 26

acyl chloride > ester

Answer 26

-alcohol

Question 27

ester > carboxylate

Answer 27

• OH-
  -heat

Question 28

acyl chloride > 1 amide

Answer 28

-NH3

Question 29

acyl chloride > 2 amide

Answer 29

-1 amine