organic synthesis Flashcards by Hazal O

Q

alkene > alkane

A

-H2 (r)
-Ni catalyst (c)
-electrophilic addition

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Q

alkane > haloalkane

A

-X2 (r)
-uv light (c)

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Q

alkene > haloalkane

A

H-X
-Nucleophilic sub

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Q

haloalkane > nitrile

A

-NaCN in ethanol (R)
-heat under reflux (c)

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Q

haloalkane > amine

A

-conc NH3 in ethanol (r)
-heat (c)

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Q

Nitrile > amine

A

-H2/Ni

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Q

haloalkane > 1 alcohol

A

NaOH aq (r)
-reflux (c)

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Q

2 alcohol > haloalkane

A

-H2SO4 (r)
- Na-X (r)
- sodium halide/H2SO4

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Q

alkene > alcohol

A

-steam H2O/ H3PO4

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Q

alcohol > alkene

A

-H3PO4
-or H2SO4 heat

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Q

alcohol > ester

A

-carboxylic acid
-conc H2SO4 or acid anhydride

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Q

aldehyde > 1 alcohol

A

-NaBH4

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Q

1 alcohol > aldehyde

A

-K2Cr7O7/H2SO4
-distillation

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Q

1 alcohol > carboxylic acid

A

-K2Cr7O7/H2SO4
-reflux

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Q

2 alcohol > ketone

A

-K2CR7O7/H2SO4
-Reflux

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Q

ketone > 2 alcohol

A

-NaBH4

Q

Ketone > hydroxynitrile

A

-NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)

Q

hydroxynitrile > amine

A

-H2/Ni

Q

aldehyde > hydroxynitrile

A

-NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)

Q

aldehyde > carboxylic acid

A

-K2Cr2O7/H2S4
-Reflux

Q

carboxylic acid > ester

A

-alcohol/conc H2SO4

Q

ester > carboxylic acid

A

-dilute acid
-heat

Q

nitrile > carboxylic acid

A

-H2O/HCL
-heat

Q

carboxylic acid > acyl chloride

A

-SOCl2

acyl chloride > carboxylic acid

-H2O

acyl chloride > ester

-alcohol

ester > carboxylate

- OH- -heat

acyl chloride > 1 amide

-NH3

acyl chloride > 2 amide

-1 amine