organic substances Flashcards
what is organic substances
compounds that contain the element carbon usually bonded with hydrogen
( they can burn due to them having carbon )
list the types of organic compounds
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
CARBOHYDRATES
WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES
they are organic molecules that are made up of the elements CARBON , HYDROGEN , OXYGEN
CARBOHYDRATES
what is the ratio of H and O
hydrogen to oxygen
2:1
CARBOHYDRATES
what are the smaller building blocks or monomers or carbohydrates known as
saccharides ( sugar in greek )
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES serve as the main source of what to all living organisms
CARBOHYDRATES serve as the main source of energy to all living organisms
CARBOHYDRATES
list the 3 groups of CARBOHYDRATES
give examples
- Monosaccharides (single sugars)
Example: glucose, fructose (fruit
sugar)
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2.Disaccharides (double sugars)
Example: maltose (malt sugar), sucrose (cane sugar)
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- Polysaccharides / trisaccharides (many linked sugars)
Example: starch (plants) , cellulose, glycogen ( humans)
What is the structure of a saccharides
It’s is a hexagon
LIPIDS
what LIPIDS consist of
and in what ratio
they consist of hydrogen , carbon and oxygen
were the ratio of hydrogen to carbon is
greater that 2:1
LIPIDS
some lipids may have phosphorus attached
what re they known as
phospholipids
LIPIDS
how are lips formed (monomers)
when glycerol combined with fatty acids
LIPIDS
what is a saturated fat and a non saturated fat
saturated fat - has single bonds in the fatty acids chain
unsaturated fats - has one or more double bonds in the fatty acids chain
LIPIDS
how do u differentiate between fats and oils
fats are solid at room temperature
oils are liquid at room temperature
LIPIDS
what do the monomers produce
they produce a polymer + water
which is 1 lipid + 3 H2O
LIPIDS
give examples of lipids
butter , margarine , oils nuts , fish , fatty meat
LIPIDS
why is lipids important
important source of stored energy
in animals , fat (blubber) UNDER SKIN INSULATES BODY preventing excessive heat loss
protects organs
absorbs vitamin A D
water proofing of plant and animals cuticles
PROTEINS
what elements do proteins contain
carbon , oxygen , hydrogen , nitrogen
some have others like sulphur , iron ,phosphorous
PROTEINS
PROTEINS are large complex molecules which can be broken down into monomers called
amino acids
PROTEINS
what are proteins sensitive to
temperature
pH
PROTEINS
what do high temp and extreme pH cause PROTEINS to do
high temp and extreme pH cause PROTEINS to denature (loose shape +function )
PROTEINS
if there are >300 animo acids - what do we call this
if there are <300 0- what do we call this
> 300 - called a protein
<300 - called a polypeptide
PROTEINS
give examples
fish, meat , poultry
beans , nuts , eggs
PROTEINS
what are protiens improtant
Proteins are required for growth and repair of body tissues. Muscles are made up of proteins.
Enzymes and hormones are protein in nature. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions while hormones serve as chemical messengers in the blood.
Haemoglobin is a protein found in the blood that plays an important role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
