organic substances

Question 1

what is organic substances

Answer 1

compounds that contain the element carbon usually bonded with hydrogen

( they can burn due to them having carbon )

Question 2

list the types of organic compounds

Answer 2

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins

Question 3

CARBOHYDRATES

WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES

Answer 3

they are organic molecules that are made up of the elements CARBON , HYDROGEN , OXYGEN

Question 4

CARBOHYDRATES

what is the ratio of H and O

Answer 4

hydrogen to oxygen

2:1

Question 5

CARBOHYDRATES

what are the smaller building blocks or monomers or carbohydrates known as

Answer 5

saccharides ( sugar in greek )

Question 6

CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATES serve as the main source of what to all living organisms

Answer 6

CARBOHYDRATES serve as the main source of energy to all living organisms

Question 7

CARBOHYDRATES

list the 3 groups of CARBOHYDRATES

give examples

Answer 7

1. Monosaccharides (single sugars)

Example: glucose, fructose (fruit
sugar)

——————————————————
2.Disaccharides (double sugars)

Example: maltose (malt sugar), sucrose (cane sugar)

——————————————————

3. Polysaccharides / trisaccharides (many linked sugars)

Example: starch (plants) , cellulose, glycogen ( humans)

Question 8

What is the structure of a saccharides

Answer 8

It’s is a hexagon

Question 9

LIPIDS

what LIPIDS consist of
and in what ratio

Answer 9

they consist of hydrogen , carbon and oxygen

were the ratio of hydrogen to carbon is
greater that 2:1

Question 10

LIPIDS

some lipids may have phosphorus attached
what re they known as

Answer 10

phospholipids

Question 11

LIPIDS

how are lips formed (monomers)

Answer 11

when glycerol combined with fatty acids

Question 12

LIPIDS

what is a saturated fat and a non saturated fat

Answer 12

saturated fat - has single bonds in the fatty acids chain

unsaturated fats - has one or more double bonds in the fatty acids chain

Question 13

LIPIDS

how do u differentiate between fats and oils

Answer 13

fats are solid at room temperature

oils are liquid at room temperature

Question 14

LIPIDS

what do the monomers produce

Answer 14

they produce a polymer + water

which is 1 lipid + 3 H2O

Question 15

LIPIDS

give examples of lipids

Answer 15

butter , margarine , oils nuts , fish , fatty meat

Question 16

LIPIDS

why is lipids important

Answer 16

important source of stored energy

in animals , fat (blubber) UNDER SKIN INSULATES BODY preventing excessive heat loss

protects organs

absorbs vitamin A D

water proofing of plant and animals cuticles

Question 17

PROTEINS

what elements do proteins contain

Answer 17

carbon , oxygen , hydrogen , nitrogen

some have others like sulphur , iron ,phosphorous

Question 18

PROTEINS

PROTEINS are large complex molecules which can be broken down into monomers called

Answer 18

amino acids

Question 19

PROTEINS

what are proteins sensitive to

Answer 19

temperature

pH

Question 20

PROTEINS

what do high temp and extreme pH cause PROTEINS to do

Answer 20

high temp and extreme pH cause PROTEINS to denature (loose shape +function )

Question 21

PROTEINS

if there are >300 animo acids - what do we call this

if there are <300 0- what do we call this

Answer 21

> 300 - called a protein

<300 - called a polypeptide

Question 22

PROTEINS

give examples

Answer 22

fish, meat , poultry

beans , nuts , eggs

Question 23

PROTEINS

what are protiens improtant

Answer 23

Proteins are required for growth and repair of body tissues. Muscles are made up of proteins.

Enzymes and hormones are protein in nature. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions while hormones serve as chemical messengers in the blood.

Haemoglobin is a protein found in the blood that plays an important role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.