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Life Science 1 > Cell Organelle > Flashcards

Cell Organelle Flashcards

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1
Q

List the organelles found in both animal and plant cell

A

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi bodies

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2
Q

What is the cell membrane made out of

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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3
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

How is the structure and function of the cell membarne exaplined

A

Its explained by. The fluid mosaic model

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4
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

What do phospholipid form

what is found embedded between the phospholipid molecules

A

The phospholipids form a double row or ‘bilayer’.

protein molecules are found embedded between the phospholipid molecules

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5
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

is its a living or on living layer and what does its do

A

it is the outer living component of cells that encloses the cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is the cell membrane also known as

A

plasma membrane or plasmalemma

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7
Q

Golgi body

what do they secrete

A

they package and secrete cellular products such as enzymes and hormones

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8
Q

NUCLEUS

what is this known as

A

The controlcenter of the cell

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9
Q

NUCLEUS

What su the nucleus surrounded by

A

A double membrane surrounding the nuclear material called nuclear membrane,

it has as pores for transport (nuclear pore )

sometimes the membrane continues with the endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

What is the name of the fluid that fills the nucleus

what does its contain

A

Nucleoplasm

it contains free DNA and RNA nucleotides

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11
Q

What is contained in the nucleoplasm and what does this contain

A

chromatin material

it consists chromosomes made up of of DNA

DNA contains the genetic material of the cell

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12
Q

Chromosomes are fpulded ans pcaked tighlty to form waht

A

Chromatin network

Which is long unwound threads of genetic material found in the cell nucleus

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13
Q

NUCLEUS

What is the function of the nuclear pore

A

its allows connection with the cytoplasm To allow certain substances in and out if the nucleus

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14
Q

NUCLEUS

What is made in the nucleolus

describe the structure of the nucleolus

A

ribosomal RNA

the nucleolus has no membrane surrounding it

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15
Q

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

what is the function of endoplasmic reticulum and hers is it found

A

function- facilities the transport of large molecules within the cytoplasm

it is found on the nuclear membrane

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16
Q

where is the nucleolus found and what does it function

A

found in the nucleus in the nucleoplasm

its stores and makes ribosomal RNA

it has no membrane

17
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

fro cellular respiration to take place

18
Q

MITOCHONDRIA

during cellular respiration what is sued and what are the products

A

oxygen is used to break down organic substances (glucose ) to release energy

the products of respiration is CO2 and water

19
Q

STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA

how many membranes does it have

and what do they function as

what surrounds the inner membrane and what is its function

A

2 membranes

outer membrane is sooth and controls the movement of substances in and out of organelle

inner membrane is folded and its is called the cristae

there are granules on the folds of the inner membrane
these granules contain enzymes that catalyse the reactions of cellular respiration

a fluid called matrix surrounds the inner membrane
it contains enzymes for respiration

20
Q

STRUCTURE OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

What does it consist of

What deos the rough ER have attached to it and what does its function as

What does the smooth ER function as

A

consists of double membranes that fold and form channels through the cell.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to the membranes which manufactures proteins.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes. It manufactures lipids and other substances.

21
Q

Therefore the function of ER is to ?

A

Function of endoplasmic reticulum is that it makes, stores and transports carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the cell.

22
Q

where are ribosomes found

A

they are small granules found in the cytoplasm and some are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

what do each ribose consist of

A

they each consist of two subunits

these subunits come together when s ribosome is active

24
Q

what is the function of ribosome

A

site of protein synthesis (make new proteins)

those found in cytoplasm produce protein need in cytoplasm

these that are attached to endoplasmic reticulum produce proteins tat form part of membrane or are secreted from the cell

25
Q

what do golgi bodies form

A

they form lysosomes

26
Q

what is the structure of a Golgi body

A

they consist of a stack of membrane s

the membranes become pinched to form vesicles that contain proteins and lipids

(a system of double membraneous sacs )

27
Q

what are Golgi bodies also known as

A

dictyosome

28
Q

what is the function of Golgi body

A

thye collect molecules such as proteins and and lipids from the ER

they them process these proteins and lipids and pack them into diff vesicles

vesicles are distributed to diff pats of the cell

29
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

what re the function of cell membrane

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

some membranes have microvilli which increase the surface area of the cell to enable maximum absorption.

since they allow certain substances to enter the cell and keep other substances out, cell membranes are referred to as being differentially permeable membranes (DPM) or selectively permeable.

substances pass through the cell membrane in a number of different ways, some methods are:
> passive diffusion down a concentration gradient, e.g. carbon dioxide and oxygen
> osmosis which is the movement of water across a DPM
> active transport; energy is required when movement is against a concentration gradient; embedded protein molecules assist with active transport of substances such as glucose

30
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

What does each phospholipid molecule consist of and what do these things function as

A

Each phospholipid molecule consist of a water attracting (hydrophilic) head
and a water repelling (hydrophobic ) tail

Life Science 1 (13 decks)

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