Cell Organelle Flashcards
List the organelles found in both animal and plant cell
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi bodies
What is the cell membrane made out of
Phospholipids and proteins
CELL MEMBRANE
How is the structure and function of the cell membarne exaplined
Its explained by. The fluid mosaic model
CELL MEMBRANE
What do phospholipid form
what is found embedded between the phospholipid molecules
The phospholipids form a double row or ‘bilayer’.
protein molecules are found embedded between the phospholipid molecules
CELL MEMBRANE
is its a living or on living layer and what does its do
it is the outer living component of cells that encloses the cytoplasm
What is the cell membrane also known as
plasma membrane or plasmalemma
Golgi body
what do they secrete
they package and secrete cellular products such as enzymes and hormones
NUCLEUS
what is this known as
The controlcenter of the cell
NUCLEUS
What su the nucleus surrounded by
A double membrane surrounding the nuclear material called nuclear membrane,
it has as pores for transport (nuclear pore )
sometimes the membrane continues with the endoplasmic reticulum
What is the name of the fluid that fills the nucleus
what does its contain
Nucleoplasm
it contains free DNA and RNA nucleotides
What is contained in the nucleoplasm and what does this contain
chromatin material
it consists chromosomes made up of of DNA
DNA contains the genetic material of the cell
Chromosomes are fpulded ans pcaked tighlty to form waht
Chromatin network
Which is long unwound threads of genetic material found in the cell nucleus
NUCLEUS
What is the function of the nuclear pore
its allows connection with the cytoplasm To allow certain substances in and out if the nucleus
NUCLEUS
What is made in the nucleolus
describe the structure of the nucleolus
ribosomal RNA
the nucleolus has no membrane surrounding it
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
what is the function of endoplasmic reticulum and hers is it found
function- facilities the transport of large molecules within the cytoplasm
it is found on the nuclear membrane
where is the nucleolus found and what does it function
found in the nucleus in the nucleoplasm
its stores and makes ribosomal RNA
it has no membrane
what is the function of mitochondria
fro cellular respiration to take place
MITOCHONDRIA
during cellular respiration what is sued and what are the products
oxygen is used to break down organic substances (glucose ) to release energy
the products of respiration is CO2 and water
STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA
how many membranes does it have
and what do they function as
what surrounds the inner membrane and what is its function
2 membranes
outer membrane is sooth and controls the movement of substances in and out of organelle
inner membrane is folded and its is called the cristae
there are granules on the folds of the inner membrane
these granules contain enzymes that catalyse the reactions of cellular respiration
a fluid called matrix surrounds the inner membrane
it contains enzymes for respiration
STRUCTURE OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
What does it consist of
What deos the rough ER have attached to it and what does its function as
What does the smooth ER function as
consists of double membranes that fold and form channels through the cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to the membranes which manufactures proteins.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes. It manufactures lipids and other substances.
Therefore the function of ER is to ?
Function of endoplasmic reticulum is that it makes, stores and transports carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the cell.
where are ribosomes found
they are small granules found in the cytoplasm and some are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
what do each ribose consist of
they each consist of two subunits
these subunits come together when s ribosome is active
what is the function of ribosome
site of protein synthesis (make new proteins)
those found in cytoplasm produce protein need in cytoplasm
these that are attached to endoplasmic reticulum produce proteins tat form part of membrane or are secreted from the cell
what do golgi bodies form
they form lysosomes
what is the structure of a Golgi body
they consist of a stack of membrane s
the membranes become pinched to form vesicles that contain proteins and lipids
(a system of double membraneous sacs )
what are Golgi bodies also known as
dictyosome
what is the function of Golgi body
thye collect molecules such as proteins and and lipids from the ER
they them process these proteins and lipids and pack them into diff vesicles
vesicles are distributed to diff pats of the cell
CELL MEMBRANE
what re the function of cell membrane
controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
some membranes have microvilli which increase the surface area of the cell to enable maximum absorption.
since they allow certain substances to enter the cell and keep other substances out, cell membranes are referred to as being differentially permeable membranes (DPM) or selectively permeable.
substances pass through the cell membrane in a number of different ways, some methods are:
> passive diffusion down a concentration gradient, e.g. carbon dioxide and oxygen
> osmosis which is the movement of water across a DPM
> active transport; energy is required when movement is against a concentration gradient; embedded protein molecules assist with active transport of substances such as glucose
CELL MEMBRANE
What does each phospholipid molecule consist of and what do these things function as
Each phospholipid molecule consist of a water attracting (hydrophilic) head
and a water repelling (hydrophobic ) tail
