Organic Molecules

Question 1

the simplest of all organic compounds-composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Answer 1

hydrocarbons

Question 2

increase in number of carbons increases __________

Answer 2

boiling point

Question 3

molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

Answer 3

structural isomers

Question 4

carbon atoms have a characteristic __________ of their four single bonds

Answer 4

tetrahedral arrangement

Question 5

carbon carbon single bonds have __________

Answer 5

freedom of rotation

Question 6

double bonds are ______ and __________

Answer 6

shorter, do not allow free rotation

Question 7

molecules that differ in the arrangement of functional groups at either side of non-rotating double bond

Answer 7

geometric isomers

Question 8

summary of hydrocarbons

-composed of __ and __
form the back bone of almost all _______
_____ and ______
alkanes can be _____, ______, ______

Answer 8

C,H
nonpolar, hydrophobic
linear, branched, cyclic

Question 9

oxygen containing functional groups

Answer 9

alchohols
organic acids
carbohydrates
amino acids
nucleic acids
lipids
metabolites

Question 10

alcohols maintain ________ hydrodgen bonding and this contributes to the _________ for alcohols

Answer 10

inter-molecular

higher boiling point temp

Question 11

because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols are ________

Answer 11

water soluble

Question 12

final product of fermentation in many microorganisms

Answer 12

ethanol

Question 13

most commonly stored as glycerol esters

Answer 13

fatty acids

Question 14

several ______ have side chains containing hydroxyl groups

Answer 14

amino acids

Question 15

all ______ contain an aspect ratio of one hydroxyl group per skeletal carbon

Answer 15

carbohydrates

Question 16

aldehyde group is present in an important class of sugars ______

Answer 16

aldoses

Question 17

these reactions are particularly important in the chemistry of carbohydrates
these reactions are needed for conversion of a linear sugar to cyclic molecule

Answer 17

reactivity of ketones with alcohols

Question 18

reactivity of an _____ and a _______ generates an ester

Answer 18

alcohol, carboxylic group

Question 19

like carboxylic groups, esters are also _____

Answer 19

charge polarized

Question 20

amines act as ________

Answer 20

bases

Question 21

amino acids contain both

___ and _______

Answer 21

amino and carboxy groups

Question 22

amino acids reacting with their amino and carbolic ends generate a ______ and generate a _____

Answer 22

peptide, polypeptide

Question 23

a strong denaturing agent

Answer 23

guanidinium chloride

Question 24

the only amino acid with a guanidino-containing side chain

Answer 24

arginine

Question 25

is a guanidine with high energy phosphate transfer potential

Answer 25

creatine

Question 26

can act both as an acid or base

Answer 26

imidazole

Question 27

______ in cysteine makes covalent bridges between polypeptides

Answer 27

sulfhydryl group

Question 28

_____ and ____ react to make thio esters

Answer 28

sulfhydryls and carboxylic groups

Question 29

high energy molecules and release a large amount of energy upon hydrolysis

Answer 29

thio-ester