Chapter 1 notecards - Introduction

Question 1

release energy; are coupled to ATP _________

Answer 1

catabolic processes

synthesis

Question 2

require energy; are coupled to ATP ________

Answer 2

anabolic processes

hydrolysis

Question 3

proteins are made of hundreds of _______ and maintain a ____________ structure

Answer 3

amino acids

complex 3 dimensional

Question 4

catalytic activity

examples:

Answer 4

enzymes

catalase, synthase, dehydrogenase

Question 5

bind and carry molecules

examples:

Answer 5

transport proteins

hemoglobin, myoglobin

Question 6

storage proteins

Answer 6

ovalbumin,ferritin,casein

Question 7

can contract and change shape

Answer 7

contractile

elements of cytoskeleton and muscle

Question 8

support function

Answer 8

structural

collagen, elastin, keratin

Question 9

protective function

Answer 9

defensive

antibodies, fibrinogen and thrombin

Question 10

regulate metabolic functions

Answer 10

regulatory

hormones, transcription factors and enhancers

Question 11

all organisms have genetic information stored in the form of _________ which are _____ and _____

Answer 11

nucleic acids

DNA RNA

Question 12

central dogma of gene expression:

Answer 12

DNA stores info
transcription
mRNA (RNA transmits info)
translation
protein function manifests info

Question 13

a single plasma membrane

no nucleus or organelles

Answer 13

prokaryotic cells

Question 14

much larger in size

nucleus plus many organelles

Answer 14

eukaryotic cells

Question 15

importance of nucleus in eukaryote cells

Answer 15

protection for DNA, site of DNA metabolism
selective import and export via nuclear membrane pores
some cells become anuclear

Question 16

importance of membrane enclosed organelles
_______ for energy in animals, plants, and fungi
_____ for energy in plant
_____ for digestion of un-needed molecules

Answer 16

mitochondria
chloroplasts
lysosome

Question 17

oxidizes fuels to produce ATP

Answer 17

mitochondrion

Question 18

site of much protein synthesis

Answer 18

RER

Question 19

site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism

Answer 19

SER

Question 20

processes, packages and targets proteins other organelles or for export

Answer 20

Golgi complex

Question 21

contains the genes

Answer 21

nucleus

Question 22

harvests sunlight, produces ATP and carbohydrates

Answer 22

chloroplasts

Question 23

degrades and recycles macromolecules, stores metabolites

Answer 23

vacuole

Question 24

degrades intracellular debris

Answer 24

lysosomes

Question 25

fermentation is a __________

Answer 25

metabolic pathway

Question 26

eukaryotes evolutionized through _______

Answer 26

endosymbiosis