Chapter 1 notecards - Introduction Flashcards
release energy; are coupled to ATP _________
catabolic processes
synthesis
require energy; are coupled to ATP ________
anabolic processes
hydrolysis
proteins are made of hundreds of _______ and maintain a ____________ structure
amino acids
complex 3 dimensional
catalytic activity
examples:
enzymes
catalase, synthase, dehydrogenase
bind and carry molecules
examples:
transport proteins
hemoglobin, myoglobin
storage proteins
ovalbumin,ferritin,casein
can contract and change shape
contractile
elements of cytoskeleton and muscle
support function
structural
collagen, elastin, keratin
protective function
defensive
antibodies, fibrinogen and thrombin
regulate metabolic functions
regulatory
hormones, transcription factors and enhancers
all organisms have genetic information stored in the form of _________ which are _____ and _____
nucleic acids
DNA RNA
central dogma of gene expression:
DNA stores info transcription mRNA (RNA transmits info) translation protein function manifests info
a single plasma membrane
no nucleus or organelles
prokaryotic cells
much larger in size
nucleus plus many organelles
eukaryotic cells
importance of nucleus in eukaryote cells
protection for DNA, site of DNA metabolism
selective import and export via nuclear membrane pores
some cells become anuclear
importance of membrane enclosed organelles
_______ for energy in animals, plants, and fungi
_____ for energy in plant
_____ for digestion of un-needed molecules
mitochondria
chloroplasts
lysosome
oxidizes fuels to produce ATP
mitochondrion
site of much protein synthesis
RER
site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism
SER
processes, packages and targets proteins other organelles or for export
Golgi complex
contains the genes
nucleus
harvests sunlight, produces ATP and carbohydrates
chloroplasts
degrades and recycles macromolecules, stores metabolites
vacuole
degrades intracellular debris
lysosomes
fermentation is a __________
metabolic pathway
eukaryotes evolutionized through _______
endosymbiosis
