Molecular geometry

Question 1

sharing elections between the nuclei of two bonded atoms

electrons are shared ______ or ______

Answer 1

chemical bonds

equally, unequally

Question 2

the ability within a molecule to draw electrons towards itself

Answer 2

electronegativity

Question 3

electrons are shared between atoms

Answer 3

covalent bonds

Question 4

the electrons are shared midway equally

Answer 4

non polar covalent bond

Question 5

electrons resides closer to nucleus with greater ability to attract them

Answer 5

polar covalent bond

Question 6

due to the geometry of the water molecule and polar nature of its covalent bond, water is a ________, a molecule that exhibits polarity with regards to localized electric charges

Answer 6

dipole

Question 7

measured along the most electrically polarized line, that crosses the molecule
expresses the ______ of the molecules polarity

Answer 7

dipole moments

magnitude

Question 8

crosses the compound from side to side, in a path that connects the two most opposing electric charges

Answer 8

dipole line

Question 9

the dipole moment is proportional to both the ________ and _______ between the electrically opposing “poles”

Answer 9

physical distance

charge difference

Question 10

in ice, each water molecule is bonded to _____ neighbors
the molecules are less densely packed in comparison to liquid water
the entropy of ice is ______ than that of liquid water

Answer 10

four

lower

Question 11

bulk water has little order
____ entropy
water near a hydrophobic solute is highly ordered
_____ entropy
low entropy thermodynamically unfavorable, thus hydrophobic solutes have ____ solubility

Answer 11

high
low
low

Question 12

a physical property reflecting the number of dipoles in a solvent.
it is ________ to the force that is needed to screen two opposite charges away from each other when immersed in a given solvent

Answer 12

dielectric constant

f = q1-q2/D-r2

Question 13

high dielectric constant _____ attraction between oppositely charged ions in salt crystal

Answer 13

reduces

Question 14

strong electrostatic interactions between the solvated ions and water molecules _____ the energy of the system

Answer 14

lower

Question 15

entropy _____ as ordered crystal lattice is dissolved

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

water surrounding ________ have lower entropy

unfavorable

Answer 16

nonpolar solutes

Question 17

stable structures of amphipathic molecules in water known as ________
hydrophilic heads contact _______ and hydrophobic portions are clustered together in a ____________
by clustering together in micelles, the fatty acid molecules expose the smallest possible hydrophobic surface area to the ______, and fewer water molecules are required in the shell of the ordered water. the energy gained by freeing immobilized water molecules ________ the micelle

Answer 17

micelle
solvent
hydrophobic 
water
stabilizes

Question 18

nonpolar portions of the amphipathic molecule aggregate __________
the released water molecules will be more random and the ________
only polar head groups are exposed and make __________

Answer 18

so that fewer water molecules are ordered
entropy increases
energetically favorable H-bonds

Question 19

the shape and function of biomolecules depend on the directionality of _________

Answer 19

hydrogen bonds

Question 20

biochemical significance of van der Waals Interactions
\_\_\_\_\_ individually
-easily broken, reversible 
\_\_\_\_\_\_
-occur between any two atoms that are near each other
- determines \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-stabilizes biological \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-facilitates binding of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 20

weak
universal
steric complementarity 
macromolecules
polarizable ligands