Molecular geometry Flashcards
sharing elections between the nuclei of two bonded atoms
electrons are shared ______ or ______
chemical bonds
equally, unequally
the ability within a molecule to draw electrons towards itself
electronegativity
electrons are shared between atoms
covalent bonds
the electrons are shared midway equally
non polar covalent bond
electrons resides closer to nucleus with greater ability to attract them
polar covalent bond
due to the geometry of the water molecule and polar nature of its covalent bond, water is a ________, a molecule that exhibits polarity with regards to localized electric charges
dipole
measured along the most electrically polarized line, that crosses the molecule
expresses the ______ of the molecules polarity
dipole moments
magnitude
crosses the compound from side to side, in a path that connects the two most opposing electric charges
dipole line
the dipole moment is proportional to both the ________ and _______ between the electrically opposing “poles”
physical distance
charge difference
in ice, each water molecule is bonded to _____ neighbors
the molecules are less densely packed in comparison to liquid water
the entropy of ice is ______ than that of liquid water
four
lower
bulk water has little order
____ entropy
water near a hydrophobic solute is highly ordered
_____ entropy
low entropy thermodynamically unfavorable, thus hydrophobic solutes have ____ solubility
high
low
low
a physical property reflecting the number of dipoles in a solvent.
it is ________ to the force that is needed to screen two opposite charges away from each other when immersed in a given solvent
dielectric constant
f = q1-q2/D-r2
high dielectric constant _____ attraction between oppositely charged ions in salt crystal
reduces
strong electrostatic interactions between the solvated ions and water molecules _____ the energy of the system
lower
entropy _____ as ordered crystal lattice is dissolved
increases
water surrounding ________ have lower entropy
unfavorable
nonpolar solutes
stable structures of amphipathic molecules in water known as ________
hydrophilic heads contact _______ and hydrophobic portions are clustered together in a ____________
by clustering together in micelles, the fatty acid molecules expose the smallest possible hydrophobic surface area to the ______, and fewer water molecules are required in the shell of the ordered water. the energy gained by freeing immobilized water molecules ________ the micelle
micelle solvent hydrophobic water stabilizes
nonpolar portions of the amphipathic molecule aggregate __________
the released water molecules will be more random and the ________
only polar head groups are exposed and make __________
so that fewer water molecules are ordered
entropy increases
energetically favorable H-bonds
the shape and function of biomolecules depend on the directionality of _________
hydrogen bonds
biochemical significance of van der Waals Interactions \_\_\_\_\_ individually -easily broken, reversible \_\_\_\_\_\_ -occur between any two atoms that are near each other - determines \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -stabilizes biological \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -facilitates binding of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
weak universal steric complementarity macromolecules polarizable ligands
