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BIO 325 > Acid-Base > Flashcards

Acid-Base Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

comparison of ice and water

ice: ___ hydrogen bonds per water molecule
water: ___ hydrogen bonds per water molecule
ice: hydrogen lifetime is about _____
water: hydrogen lifetime -a bout _____

A

4
2.3
10 microsecs
10 psecs

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2
Q

Ionization of Water

1) O-H bonds are ____ and can dissociate heterolyrtically
2) products are a ______ and a ____
3) dissociation of water is a rapid ______ process
4) most water molecules remain ______, thus pure water has very low ________
5) the equilibrium is strongly to the ____
6) extent of dissociation depends on the ________

A 
polar
proton (H+) and a hydroxide ion (OH-)
reversible
un-ionized, electrical conductivity
left
temperature
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3
Q

in pure water, the chemical concentration of H+ and OH- are ____. because of the very small degree of _____ we can write the chemical concentration of water as _____, which is its non-dissociated concentration at 25 degrees C

A

equal
dissociation
55.5 M

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4
Q

the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH

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5
Q

when the [H+] is > than [OH-] the solution is said to be _______
when [OH-] and [H+] are equal, the solution is said to be ______
when [H+] is

A

acidic
neutral
basic

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6
Q

the pH of our plasma is _____

the pH of our gastric juices is ____

A

7.4

1-2

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7
Q

_____ is a digestive enzyme secreted into gastric juice, which has a pH of ____, allowing it to act optimally

A

pepsin, 1.5

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8
Q

_____ a digestive enzyme that acts in the small intestine, has a pH optimum that matches the neutral pH in the lumen of the small intestine

A

trypsin

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9
Q

______ of bone tissue is a hydrolytic enzyme thought to aid in bone mineralization

A

alkaline phosphatase

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10
Q

a substance that contains hydrogen and dissociates in water to contain ____

A

acid

H+

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11
Q

substance that contains a hydroxyl group dissociates in water to yield ____

A

base

OH-

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12
Q

any species that donates an H+

A

bronsted lowry definition of acid

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13
Q

any species that accepts an H+ ion

A

bronsted lowry definition of a base

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14
Q

oxoacids where the number of oxygens ___ the number of hydrogens by ____,
ex: ____, _____

A

strong acid
exceeds
2 or more
HNO3, H2SO4

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15
Q

hadrohalic acids

A

strong acid

HCl, HBr, HI

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16
Q

(carbon-based) include at least one COOH group

A

weak acid

organic acids

17
Q

oxoacids where the number of oxygens _____ or ______ the number of hydrogens
ex)

A

weak acid
equals, exceeds
HNO2, H3PO4

18
Q

Ka is _____ over ______, the stronger acids will have at equilibrium, a _______ of the dissociation products compared to the undissociated acid

A

products, reactants

higher proportion

19
Q

higher Ka means ______

A

stronger acid

20
Q

larger the pKa, the _____ the acid

A

weaker

21
Q

describes the dissociation of a weak acid in the presence of its conjugate base

A

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

22
Q

analytical method used to determine the amount of acid in a solution

A

titration

23
Q

at incremental points along the titration process, the pH of the solution is determined and plotted against the OH- amount added
this is called the ______

A

titration curve

24
Q

the dissociation of the weak acid is ________ to the molar equivalents of strong base added

A

proportional

25
Q

titration curves of weak acids

A

they all have the same shape
the point of half titration is the point where pH equals pKa
curves of different weak acids will be paralell along the Y-axis

26
Q

mixtures of weak acids and their anions

A

buffers

27
Q

buffers ______ in pH

A

resist change

28
Q

buffering capacity of acid/anion system is _______ at ph=pKa

A

greatest

29
Q

buffering capacity is ___ when the pH differs from pKa by more than 1 pH unit

A

lost

30
Q

buffer systems in vivo are mainly based on:

A

phosphate, bicarbonate, histidine

31
Q

buffer systems in vitro are often based on:

A

sulfuric acids of cyclic amines

BIO 325 (11 decks)

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