organic chemistry yeet Flashcards
Hydrocarbons can be further classified as ?
Aliphatic { a hydrocarbon chain with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains like hexane}
Alicyclics { a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure like cyclohexane}
Aromatic { a hydrocarbon with at least one benzene ring in the structure like benzene}
What are the trends in the homologous series?
Same functional group
They differ by successive members by a unit of CH2
They have similar chemical and physical properties (properties Show a gradation)
How are the naming processes broken down?
Prefix { first part of the name -> other functional groups}
Stem { main part of name> derived from the longest carbon chain}
Suffix { last part of the name> most important functional group}
Multiplying prefixes { indicates the prescence of more than one group}
Locants { numbers and hyphens are used to show the positions of atoms and groups within the molecules }
What is the prefix for the carbon number lengths of:
1,2,,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
1: methyl, 2: ethyl, 3: propyl, 4: butyl, 5: pentyl, 6: hexyl, 7: heptyl, 8: octyl, 9: nonyl, 10: decyl
In 1,2 - dichloro-pentan-3-ol
What is the prefix,suffix, locant etc
1,2: locant Multiplying prefix : di Prefix: chloro Pent: carbon number/ organic compound -3-ol: suffix
What is a functional group ?
The group of atoms that are responsible for the characteristics reactions of a compound
How are the functional groups included in the name of the molecule?
In the suffix if they are the most important group
Prefix if they are an additional functional group
What is the prefix for alcohols ?
Hydroxy …
E.g. hydroxybenzene
What is the suffix for alcohol?
-ol
Propanol
What is the suffix for aldehyde
-al
Ethanal
What is the suffix for alkanes ?
-ane
Propane
What are alkyl groups ?
Parts of more complicated molecules which represent alkanes are known as alkyl groups
What is the general formulae of alkyl groups
Alkyl groups have one fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes giving them the general formula CnH2n+1
The letter R usually ( but not always ) represents an alkyl group
What is the suffix for alkenes?
-ene
Propene
What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?
-oic acid
Propanol acid
