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Chemistry (Tara) > Organic Chemistry 8 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

reverse of esterification reaction called

A

hydrolysis reaction

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2
Q

reaction for making soap

A

base hydrolysis of an ester

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3
Q

base hydrolysis of an ester , what does the ester react with?

A

bases such as KOH or NaOH

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4
Q

base hydrolysis of an ester 2 products

A

alcohol and a salt of a carboxylic acid

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5
Q

base hydrolysis of an ester which product is the soap

A

salt of the carboxylic acid

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6
Q

result of base hydrolysis of an ester can also be called

A

saponification

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7
Q

base hydrolysis of an ester condition

A

heat

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8
Q

base hydrolysis of an ester fat used

A

glyceryl tristearate

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9
Q

glyceryl tristearate where is it found

A

animal fat

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10
Q

alcohol produced

A

propan-1,2,3-triol or glycerol

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11
Q

soap produced

A

potassium/sodium stearate

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12
Q

why is soap suitable for cleaning skin?

A

large non-polar part and smaller ionic part, oils dissolve in large non-polar part and ionic salts from skin dissolve in ionic functional group

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13
Q

why is soap suitable for cleaning skin? write equation

A

C17H35 COO- Na+

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14
Q

name of apparatus

A

reflux apparatus

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15
Q

should the reflux have a stopper or be open

A

open

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16
Q

where does the water go in

A

the bottom of the liebig condenser

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17
Q

reaction vessel

A

round-bottomed flask

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18
Q

why does water go in the bottom of the liebig condenser

A

should be filled against gravity so that there are no air bubbles so that there are no pressure imbalances

19
Q

what is in the reaction vessel at the beginning

A

glyceryl tristearate
sodium hydroxide
ethanol
ant-bumping granules

20
Q

which is the limiting reactant

A

glyceryl tristearate

21
Q

function of ethanol

A

solvent for the lard

22
Q

function of anti-bumping granules

A

absorb heat from the reaction thus preventing violent shaking of the apparatus

23
Q

why is this done under refluc?

A

this ensures that there is time for the complete saponification reaction without losing any volatile material

24
Q

how long do you let it go on for?

A

30 minutes

25
Q

what ends up on the side of the glass and why is it a problem

A

residue which contains soap - will reduce the yield of soap

26
Q

how can you remove the residue from the sides?

A

wash down with a minimum of hot water

27
Q

too much hot water

A

will reduce the yield of soap

28
Q

after 30 minutes

A

heat removed and allowed to cool slightly

29
Q

what is in the reaction vessel after the 30 minutes

A 
ethanol
sodium hydroxide (excess)
water 
propan-1,2,3-triol
anti-bumping granules
sodium stearate
30
Q

how to isolate soap

A

distillation

31
Q

what do you distill off

A

2/3 of the ethanol

32
Q

why do you distill off 2/3 of the ethanol

A

to isolate the soap as some soap may be dissolved in the ethanol and the soap would not precipitate fully to get a maximum yield (more concentrate soap mixture)

33
Q

after distillation

A

hot mixture allowed to cool slightly

34
Q

how and where do you put solution after distillation

A

decant quickly into a concentrated salt solution (brine)

35
Q

why brine

A

soap is insoluble and precipitates out of solution

36
Q

what happens when solution has been decanted

A

ant-bumping granules removed

37
Q

after decanted into brine

A

filtered

38
Q

what is used to filter

A

a buchner funnel

39
Q

after filtration and why

A

soap washed many times with cold water to remove sodium hydroxide clinging to soap as it is caustic

40
Q

after soap is washed

A

allow to dry on filter paper or in a dessicator

41
Q

actual yield of soap

A

weigh it

42
Q

theoretical yield of soap

A

found from ration 1:3 of glyceryl tristearate (limiting reactant)

43
Q

Mr of glyceryl tristearate

A

890

44
Q

simple word equation for base hydrolysis of an ester

A

ester + base -> alcohol + salt of carboxylic acid

Chemistry (Tara) (50 decks)

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