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Chemistry (Tara) > Organic Chem 7 > Flashcards

Organic Chem 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

elimination reactions

A

a reaction where a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule which leaves a double bond in one of the product molecules

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2
Q

example of elimination reaction

A

dehydration of an alcohol to from an alkene and water

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3
Q

dehydrating agent for ethanol

A

aluminium oxide

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4
Q

second example of elimination reaction

A

second stage in the preparation of PVC from ethene gas

conversion of 1,2dichloroethane to chloroethene and hydrogen chloride

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5
Q

oxidising agent for alcohols

A

sodium dichromate

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6
Q

colour change during oxidation of alcohol

A

orange Cr(+6) to green Cr(+3)

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7
Q

primary alcohol oxidised to

A

aldehyde

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8
Q

aldehyde oxidised to

A

carboxylic acid

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9
Q

secondary alcohol oxidised to

A

ketone

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10
Q

sodium dichromate

A

Na2Cr2O7

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11
Q

what must also be present

A

H+

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12
Q

are ketones easily oxidised?

A

no

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13
Q

apparatus to prepare aldehyde

A

distillation

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14
Q

apparatus to prepare ketone

A

distillation

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15
Q

apparatus to prepare carboxylic acid

A

reflux

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16
Q

3 social and applied aspects of oxidation of these

A

breathalyser test
ethanol oxidised in human body
oxygenates added to petrol

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17
Q

breathalyser test

A

bag contains sodium dichromate crystals - orange

alcohol in breath will be oxidised and crystals turn green

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18
Q

ethanol oxidised in human body

A

occurs in liver
further oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
rate is dependent on metabolic rate, sex etc.

19
Q

carboxylic acid reduced to

A

aldehydes

20
Q

aldehydes reduced to

A

primary alcohols

21
Q

ketones reduced to

A

secondary alcohol

22
Q

reagent for reduction

A

H2

23
Q

catalyst for reduction

A

Ni

nickel catalyst

24
Q

combustion of alcohol gets

A

carbon dioxide and water

25
Q

fully halogenated alkanes

A

no Hs

26
Q

flammability of fully halogenated alkanes

A

not very combustible, hence they are flame-retardant

27
Q

where would you find fully halogenated alkanes and why?

A

added to fire extinguishers as they do not allow combustion and are denser than air

28
Q

2 homologous series that can act as acids

A

alcohols

carboxylic acids

29
Q

ethanol and sodium react to give

A

sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas

30
Q

sodium ethoxide

A

C2H5Na

31
Q

why does ethanol act as an acid

A

polar hydroxyl group, oxygen is delta minus and hydrogen is delta plus

32
Q

explain ethanol as an acid

A

extremely weak acid, only acts as an acid with an extremely reactive metal such as sodium

33
Q

why are carboxylic acid, acids?

A

carboxyl group, contains a carbonyl group C=O
carbon is delta positive
this attracts electrons from -OH group
this is the inductive effect - allows H to be donated

34
Q

when a carboxyl group loses a proton

A

a carboxylate ion is formed

35
Q

stability of carboxylate

A

length of C=O and C-O bonds are equal so negative charge is not localised but spread over the 3 atoms - gives extra stability

36
Q

Ethanoic acid and magnesium

A

magnesium ethanoate and hydrogen

37
Q

ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide

A

sodium ethanoate and water

38
Q

ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate

A

sodium ethanoate and carbon dioxide and water

39
Q

ethanoate

A

CH3COO

40
Q

organic synthesis

A

involves making organic compounds from simpler substances

41
Q

what does organic synthesis take

A

many steps and intermediate molecules before target molecule is reached

42
Q

how can ethanoic acid be synthesised from ethene

A

hydration of ethene to get ethanol

then oxidised to get ethanoic acid

43
Q

describe the organic synthesis of PCV from ethene

A
  1. ethene undergoes addition reaction with chlorine to form 1,2-dichloroethane
  2. this is cracked to form chloroethene with the removal of HCl (elimination reaction)
  3. chloroethene then undergoes polymerisation to form PVC

Chemistry (Tara) (50 decks)

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