Organic Chemistry 3 Flashcards
2C6H6 + 15O2 ->
12CO2 + 6H20
What does benzene react with bromine to give?
Bromobenzene + HBr + FeBr3
What is needed for the reaction between bromine and benzene ?
- Reflux
- FeBr3 halogen carrier
What does benzene react with concentrated nitric acid to give?
Nitrobenzene and H+
What is needed for the reaction between benzene and nitric acid?
- Sulfuric acid catalyst, which helps to make the NO2+
- Warm
Is a halogen carrier needed for the reaction between benzene and nitric acid?
No
What’s produced when benzene is refluxed with a halogen carrier and a halogenoalkane?
Methly benzene + HCl + AlCl3
What is needed for the reaction between benzene and a halogenoalkane?
- AlCl3
- Reflux
Benzene + acyl chloride->
Benzene + Acyl chloride (dry ether) ->
Phenylketone
What happens when you hydrogenated benzene in the presence of a nickel catalyst?
You get a cycloalkane
What is the amine functional group?
NH2
Halogenoalkane + Ethanolic ammonia ->
Amine + ammonium bromide
CH3CH2Br + 2 NH3 ->
CH3CH2NH2 + NH4Br
What happens when you reduce a nitrile?
Amine
What happens when you reduce a nitrile in the presence of 4[H], LiAlH4 and dilute acid?
You get an amine
What happens when you reduce a nitrile in the presence of 2H2, nickel catalyst and high temp and pressure ?
Amine
What happens when you reduce nitrobenzene in the presence of 6[H] , tin, conc HCl, reflux and NaOH?
You get phenyl amine and 2 waters
Why are amines weak bases ?
Because they accept protons
What is the strength of the amine base dependent on?
- How available the nitrogens lone pair of electrons is
- the more available the lone pair, the more likely it is to accept a proton, and so it will be a stronger base ?
When will the lone pair on an amine be more available ?
When the electron density is higher
Write the strongest to weakest amine base
Primary aliphatic amine, ammonia, aromatic amine
As well as a base, what else can an amine act as?
A nucleophile
Amines + HCl->
Ammonium salt
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 + HCl->
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3 + Cl-
Amines + water ->
Alkaline solutions
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 + H20 ->
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3+ + OH-
Can amines form a complex ion with copper (II) ions?
Yes
What do amines react with acid chlorides to give?
N- substituted amide
CH3COCl + 2C4H9NH2 -> CH3CONHC4H9 + [C4H9NH3]+ CL-
What is the amide functional group?
CONH2
Ethanoyl chloride + Ammonia->
Ethanamide + HCl
Ethanoyl chloride + primary amine->n-substituted amide
CH3COCl + CH3NH2 ->
CH3CONHCH3 + HCl
