Ionic bonding Flashcards
What is an ionic bond
The electrostatic force of attraction between a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion
What are positive ions called?
Cations
What are negative ions called?
Anions
What is a giant ionic lattice?
Where oppositely charged ions are held together in a regular 3D structure by a strong electrostatic attraction
Why are the melting points of ionic compounds very high?
Because a lot of energy is required to overcome the strong electrostatic attraction between ions and to separate these ioms
Why are ionic compounds very brittle?
Because any dislocation leads to layers moving and similarly charged ions being next to each other. The repulsion between these alike ions splits the regular structure.
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
When molten or in aqueous solutions
Are ionic compounds soluble in non polar solvents?
No
Are ionic compounds soluble in water?
Yes
Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?
Because water is a dipolar molecule and so is able to surround the charged ions and separate them from their lattice
F=
Q1 X Q2 / d2
Which ions all have the same electronic configuration?
Aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, Aegon, potassium, calcium and gallium
What are ions with the same number of electrons called?
Isoelectronic
What happens to the size of ions when they gain electrons?
They get bigger
The more protons in the nucleus the greater the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus and..
The smaller the radius of the atom
All isoelectronic have the same number of electrons but a different number of what?
Protons
What ions do group 1 elements make?
1+
What ions do group 2 elements make?
2+
What ions do group 3 elements make?
3+
What ions do group 5 elements make?
3-
What ions do group 6 elements make?
2-
What ions do group 7 elements make?
1-
What is the molecular ion of a hydroxide?
OH-
What is the molecular ion of a nitrate?
NO3-
What is the molecular ion of ammonium?
NH4+
What is the molecular ion of a sulfate?
SO42-
What is the molecular ion of a carbonate?
SO32-
What 2 things affect the strength of an ionic bond?
The size of the charge and the ionic radii
The bigger the size of the charge…
The stronger the strength of the electrostatic attraction and so the stronger the ionic bond
The smaller the ionic radii…
The stronger the electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions and so the stronger the ionic bond
The smaller the ion and the higher the charge ….
The stronger the electrostatic attraction and the melting point
What happens to the ionic radius going down a group?
The ionic radius increases going down a group due to the number of electron shells increasing
What happens to the ionic radius in isoelectronic ions as the atomic number increases and why?
The ionic radius decreases because there’s more protons and so the attractive force between the outer electron shell and the nucleus increases. Hence, the outer electron shell is pulled in more
Why shows the evidence for charge particles?
The electrolysis of copper II chromate IV on wet filter paper
What is the bond enthalpy?
The strength of the bond
