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A-level Chemistry > Ionic bonding > Flashcards

Ionic bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion

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2
Q

What are positive ions called?

A

Cations

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3
Q

What are negative ions called?

A

Anions

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4
Q

What is a giant ionic lattice?

A

Where oppositely charged ions are held together in a regular 3D structure by a strong electrostatic attraction

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5
Q

Why are the melting points of ionic compounds very high?

A

Because a lot of energy is required to overcome the strong electrostatic attraction between ions and to separate these ioms

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6
Q

Why are ionic compounds very brittle?

A

Because any dislocation leads to layers moving and similarly charged ions being next to each other. The repulsion between these alike ions splits the regular structure.

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7
Q

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

When molten or in aqueous solutions

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8
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble in non polar solvents?

A

No

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9
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble in water?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?

A

Because water is a dipolar molecule and so is able to surround the charged ions and separate them from their lattice

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11
Q

F=

A

Q1 X Q2 / d2

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12
Q

Which ions all have the same electronic configuration?

A

Aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, Aegon, potassium, calcium and gallium

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13
Q

What are ions with the same number of electrons called?

A

Isoelectronic

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14
Q

What happens to the size of ions when they gain electrons?

A

They get bigger

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15
Q

The more protons in the nucleus the greater the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus and..

A

The smaller the radius of the atom

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16
Q

All isoelectronic have the same number of electrons but a different number of what?

A

Protons

17
Q

What ions do group 1 elements make?

A

1+

18
Q

What ions do group 2 elements make?

A

2+

19
Q

What ions do group 3 elements make?

A

3+

20
Q

What ions do group 5 elements make?

A

3-

21
Q

What ions do group 6 elements make?

A

2-

22
Q

What ions do group 7 elements make?

A

1-

23
Q

What is the molecular ion of a hydroxide?

A

OH-

24
Q

What is the molecular ion of a nitrate?

A

NO3-

25
Q

What is the molecular ion of ammonium?

A

NH4+

26
Q

What is the molecular ion of a sulfate?

A

SO42-

27
Q

What is the molecular ion of a carbonate?

A

SO32-

28
Q

What 2 things affect the strength of an ionic bond?

A

The size of the charge and the ionic radii

29
Q

The bigger the size of the charge…

A

The stronger the strength of the electrostatic attraction and so the stronger the ionic bond

30
Q

The smaller the ionic radii…

A

The stronger the electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions and so the stronger the ionic bond

31
Q

The smaller the ion and the higher the charge ….

A

The stronger the electrostatic attraction and the melting point

32
Q

What happens to the ionic radius going down a group?

A

The ionic radius increases going down a group due to the number of electron shells increasing

33
Q

What happens to the ionic radius in isoelectronic ions as the atomic number increases and why?

A

The ionic radius decreases because there’s more protons and so the attractive force between the outer electron shell and the nucleus increases. Hence, the outer electron shell is pulled in more

34
Q

Why shows the evidence for charge particles?

A

The electrolysis of copper II chromate IV on wet filter paper

35
Q

What is the bond enthalpy?

A

The strength of the bond

36
Q
A

A-level Chemistry (19 decks)

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