Organic chemistry

Question 1

Organic Compounds

Answer 1

Contain CARBON bonded to HYDROGEN
- over 90% of all compounds
EX: carbohydrates, plastics, synthetic fibres, lipids, petroleum, dyes

Question 2

Properties of Organics Compounds

Answer 2

• covalent bonding
• low mp and bp
• variable states of matter (at room temp)
• most: insoluble in polar solvents
• non-conductors in solution form
• react with oxygen to produce CO2, H2O, energy
• may have isomers

Question 3

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 3

Do not contain Carbon bonded to Hydrogen
- less than 10%
EX: water, salt, polyatomic compounds, cyanides, carbonates

Question 4

Properties of Inorganic Compounds

Answer 4

• ionic bonding
• high mp and bp
• solid form (at room temp)
• soluble in polar solvents
• conductors in solution form
• do not react wth O2
• no isomers

Question 5

Carbon

Answer 5

Foundation for life:
- bonding capacity of 4 (4 valence electrons) = 4 covalent bonds
- forms bonds with itself and other atoms
- atoms join together to form chains and rings
- variety of bonds (single, double, triple)

Question 6

Hydrocarbons

Answer 6

Organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen
- backbone of all organic compounds
- nonpolar, insoluble in water
- Aliphatic and Aromatic

Question 7

Aliphatic

Answer 7

Chains and rings
- alkanes
- alkenes
- alkynes

Question 8

Aromatic

Answer 8

Based on benzene
C6H6

Question 9

Saturated

Answer 9

Containing only single bonds

Question 10

Unsaturated

Answer 10

Containing a double/triple bond

Question 11

Alkane

Answer 11

C(n)H(2n+2)
Naming: suffix “ane”
- saturated
- nonpolar
- unreactive

Question 12

Alkene

Answer 12

C(n)H(2n)
Naming: suffix “ene”
- unsaturated
- nonpolar
- slightly reactive

Question 13

Alkyne

Answer 13

C(n)H(2n-n)
Naming: suffix “yne”
- unsaturated
- nonpolar
- reactive

Question 14

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Answer 14

C(n)H(2n) - alkanes
Naming: prefix “cyclo” suffix “ane/ene”
- nonpolar
- unreactive

Question 15

Aromatic (benzene)

Answer 15

C6H6
______benzene
- nonpolar
- unreactive
- solvent (lipids)

Question 16

Alcohol

Answer 16

R-OH
Naming: suffix “ol” or prefix “hydroxy”
- polar (H-bond)

Question 17

Aldehyde

Answer 17

R-COH
Naming: suffix “al”
- polar (permanent dipole)

Question 18

Ketone

Answer 18

R-CO-R
Naming: suffix “one”
- polar (dipole)

Question 19

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 19

R-COOH
Naming: suffix “oic acid”
- most polar functonal group
- weak acid (H+ donor)

Question 20

Ester

Answer 20

R-COO-R
Naming: alcohol C# suffix “yl”, acid C# suffix “oate”
- polar (dipole)
- formed from alcohol + carboxylic acid)

Question 21

Ether

Answer 21

R-O-R
Naming: methylethyl ether or methoxyethane
- polar (dipole)

Question 22

Mercaptan

Answer 22

R-SH (thiol)
- polar

Question 23

Amine

Answer 23

R-NH2
Naming: prefix “amino”
- polar (dipole, H-bonding)
- weak base (H+ receiver)

Question 24

Amide

Answer 24

R-CONH2
Naming: suffix “amide”

Question 25

Anhydride

Answer 25

R-CO-O-CO-R

Question 26

Organic Halide

Answer 26

R-X (halogen) Naming: halogen - "ine" + "o" (chlorine = chloro) - polar (dipole at halogen)

Question 27

Phosphate

Answer 27

PO4 (3-) - negative charge

Question 28

Functional Groups

Answer 28

Groups that dictate the overall function of the molecule. Small units where reactions occur. Dictate the chemical/physical properties