Organic Analysis Flashcards
alternative alcohol test
add sodium metal to alcohol
fizz, H2 gas
differentiate with primary and secondary alcohols
add excess alcohol to acidified potassium dichromate solution in a round bottom flask
set up distillation
heat flask, alcohol oxidised and product distilled off and collected
test for aldehyde or ketone
fehlings reagent
add to solution, heat with water bath
aldehyde is blue to brick red precipitate
making tollens
silver nitrate solution to test tube
few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide
brown precipitate formed
add drops of dilute ammonia solution until brown precipitate fully dissolves
tollens
add aldehyde to test tube
put in water bath (aldehydes and ketones are flammable)
aldehyde makes silver mirror
alkene test
bromine water
orange to colourless
carboxylic acid test
react with carbonates to form salt, CO2 and water
add acid and 1 spatula of sodium carbonate to test tube
if fizzing, then bubble gas through limewater
c acid = CO2 produced and limewater cloudy
positive result with any acid
infrared spec
bonds in a molecule absorb infrared radiation at characteristic wavelengths
‘fingerprinting’
absorbing ir increases vibrational energy of bonds
fingerprint region
on right side of each IR spectrum
contains tiny differences from species to species
500-1500
