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Chemistry > alkenes > Flashcards

alkenes Flashcards

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1
Q

saturated?

A

no

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2
Q

functional group

A

Cn H2n

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3
Q

H arrangement

A

planar, 120 degrees

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4
Q

pi bond

A

exposed

high electron density

vulnerable to electrophiles

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5
Q

stereoisomerism

A

same structural formula, different spatial arrangement, E-Z

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6
Q

electrophile

A

electron pair acceptors

positive ions or polar molecules

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7
Q

bromine water

A

orange to colourless

bromine added across C=C

Br polarised by negative charge and accepts electron pair and bonds to C.

Leaves Br- and Carboncation

room temp

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8
Q

most stable carbocation

A

tertiary

most likely to form

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9
Q

Sulphuric acid stage 1

A

C=C electrons to H+

:OSO2OH- to C+

forms alkyl hydrogensulfate

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10
Q

sulphuric acid stage 2

A

cold water, then heat

forms alcohol

hydrolysis

H2SO4 released; catalyst

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11
Q

hydrogen bromide

A

forms halogenoalkane

H-Br is polar

H attracted to C=C

C=C electrons to H

H-Br bond electrons to Br

Br- to C+

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12
Q

why are polymers unreactive

A

strong C-C and C-H

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13
Q

when are addition polymers formed

A

pi electrons in substituted alkene monomers form C-C bonds between molecules

saturated, unreactive

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14
Q

main reaction to make addition polymers

A

combustion

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15
Q

are addition polymers biodegradable

A

no

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16
Q

properties of polymers

A

non polar

vdw

longer- closer-stronger vdw

long straight chains are strong, short branched are weak and flexible

17
Q

uses of polymers

A

unreactive

strong non polar covalent bonds

plastics

18
Q

modifying polymers

A

add plasticiser to make more flexible

plasticiser molecules get between chains and push apart and decrease strength of intermolecular forces; easier to bend

19
Q

reaction conditions

A

high pressure and temp

lower pressure and temp for straight chain

20
Q

low density polyethene

A

branched and softens at lower temps

21
Q

poly(chloroethene)

A

PVC

plasticiser

long, closely packed polymer chains. hard and brittle at room temp

used for drain pipes and window frames

plasticised PVC is more flexible; for electrical cable insulation, flooring tiles and clothing.

Chemistry (33 decks)

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