Organic Flashcards
General formula
Algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
Empirical form
Simplest whole number ratio of Elmer’s in a compound
Molecular formula
Acc n.o of atoms of each element in a molecule eg C4 H10 O
Structural formula
Shows the atoms carbon by carbon with attached hydrogens and functional groups eg CH3CH2CH2
Skeletal form
Shows bonds of carbon skeleton and any functional groups
Hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown
Displayed
Shows how all atoms are arranged and all bonds between them
Homologous series
Group of compounds with same functional group and similar chemical properties
How does each successive member of homologous series differ
By a CH2 group
Functional group
Part of mol that determines how it reacts
What is nomenclature
Naming of organic molecules by IUPAC
Number of carbons for each prefix
Meth - 1 hex - 6
Eth - 2 Hept - 7
Prop - 3 Oct - 8
But - 4 Non - 9
Pent -5 Dec - 10
Alkanes functional group and suffix
C-C
- ane
Alkenes
C=C
-ene
Haloalkanes func group and prefix and suffix
C-X (X is halogen)
Chloro
Bromo
Fluoro
Iodo
- ane
Alcohol
OH
-anol
Aldehyde
CHO. O
||
C
\
H
Carbonyl group on the end of chain
- anal
Ketone
C(O)H
Carbonyl group in middle
- anone
Carboxylic acid
COOH
- anooic acid
Rules for naming
1)
Find longest carbon chain + count
To decide prefix ( meth eth prop etc)
2)
Look for func group and decide suffix (anol ene ane)
3)
Number func group w lowest number
4
Look for additional things attached to chain
5
Number additional things
Methyl group
CH3