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Chem > 3.3.9 Carboxylic acids and derivatives > Flashcards

3.3.9 Carboxylic acids and derivatives Flashcards

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1
Q

Carboxylic acid function group and what it can be broken into

A

Carboxyl - COOH
carbonyl - C=O
hydroxyl - OH

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2
Q

Are carboxylic acids weak or strong

A

Weak

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3
Q

Carboxylic acids are weak acids whag does this mean

A

They partially dissociate to form a H+ ion and a carboxylate ion

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4
Q

Carboxylate ion
and give ezamples

A

O
||
R - C
\
O-

            O
            || H7C3 ---- C
              \
              O- butanoate ion
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5
Q

Where does equibrum lie when Carboxylic acid disassociates

A

Lies to
The left as it dissociates poorly

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6
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate -> …

A

Salt + CO2 + water

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7
Q

carboxylic acid + metal s
eg methanoic acid + sodium

A

salt + hydrogen gas
sodium methanoate and h2

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8
Q

carboxylic acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form

A

salt + water

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9
Q

How to form esters (2 ways)

A
  • Reacting Alcohol + Carboxylic acid and sulfuric acid catalyst
  • alcohol + acid anhydrid
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10
Q

Ester functional group

A

O
||
C
\
O

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11
Q

ester general fomula

A

R1COOR2
R2 starts w a carbon atom

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12
Q

Equation for reacting Carboxylic acid with alcohol and cond

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
- strong acid catalyst like hcl or h2so4
- heat

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13
Q

Acid anhydride and alcohol equation

A

Acid anhydride + alcohol -> ester + Carboxylic acid

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14
Q

2 part process in naming esters

A

1) name alkyl group eg ethyl methyl
2) name part of ester formed from Carboxylic acid instead of using -oic acid we use - oate
Eg propanoate

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15
Q

4 Uses of esters and explain the property of esters that gives them thus ability

A

Eg fragrances
and food flavouring cus they’re sweet smelling,soluble in ethanol,volatile,dont react w h2o and non toxic
- solvents bc they’re polarso will dissolve readily in other polar compounds
- plasticisers - make plastics more flexible during polymerisation process they can leach out of the plastic over time

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16
Q

2 methods of ester hydrolysis

A

Acid hydrolysis
Base hydrolysis

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17
Q

Describe method of acid hydrolysis

A

Dilute hydrochloric acid
heat Under reflux splitting up ester into alcohol and Carboxylic acid
reaction is reversible

18
Q

Describe method of base hydrolysis
saponification

A

Base - excess dilute NaOH heat under reflux spitting up ester into carboxylate salt and an alcohol
reaction not reversible

19
Q

when we react glycerol and fatty acids we produce…

A

an ester which makes fats and oils

20
Q

glycerol IUPAC name

A

propan - 1,2,3 - triol

21
Q

2 kinds of fatty acid and explain them

A

saturated - single c-c bonds
unsaturated - double c=c bonds

22
Q

unsaturated fatty acids with more double bonds are called…

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

23
Q

an oil and fats are an example of an …

A

ester

24
Q

ester link

A

O
ll
O - C

25
Q

what kind of hydrocarbon chains does vegetable oil have and what does this mean

A

unsaturated hydrocarbon chains
so theyre not straight and cannot pack closely together due to lower vdw forces
lower mp and liquids @ room temp

26
Q

what kind of hydrocarbon chains do animal fats have and what does this mean

A

saturated hydrocarbon chains
staight and more unifrom
higher vdw
solid at room temp

27
Q

animal fats and vegetable oils can be hydrolysed by heating them with _____ ______
the product is ______

A

animal fats and vegetable oils can be hydrolysed by heating them with sodium hydroxide
the product is soap

28
Q

what can vegetable oils be converted into and how

A

biodiesel
by reacting oils w methanol and potassium hydroxide catalyst

29
Q

oil plus methanol makes …

A

makes gylcerol and methyl ester in presense of KOH catalsyt

30
Q

why is thanol suitable solvent for heating cocunut oil w koh give saftey prec and justificartion

A

dissolves both oil and koh
use water bath to heat
prevemt fire/ ethanol is flammable

31
Q

biodisel is a mixture of

A

methyl ester of long chain carboxylic acids

32
Q

biodisel is produced by

A

reacting vegetable oils with methanol in the presense of strong alkali catalyst

33
Q

acyl chloride functional group

A

O
//
C
\
Cl

34
Q

acyl chloride general formula

A

RCOCl

35
Q

ethanoyl chloride + water –> …

A

ethanooic acid + HCl

36
Q

structure of biodiesel

A

https://www.physicsandmathstutor.com/pdf-pages/?pdf=https%3A%2F%2Fpmt.physicsandmathstutor.com%2Fdownload%2FChemistry%2FA-level%2FTopic-Qs%2FAQA%2FOrganic-II%2F3.09-Carboxylic-Acids-and-Derivatives%2FSet-I%2FCarboxylic%20Acids%20and%20Derivatives%20MS.pdf

37
Q

explain how co2 causes global warming (2)

A

C=O Bonds in CO2 absorb infrared radiation
IR radiation emitted by the earth does not escape (from the
atmosphere)

38
Q

A compound has reacted w water and produced a carboxylic acid and hcl gas white steamy fumes
Is it a acyl chloride or acid anhydride

A

Acyl chloride as when they react with water they produce hcl white steamy fumes

39
Q

outline the method used for recrystallisation (5)

A

Dissolve the product in the minimum volume of hot solvent
Allow the solution to cool and allow crystals to form.
Filter off the pure product under reduced pressure / using a Buchner
funnel and side arm flask

40
Q

Test for carboxylic acid

A

React w carbonate - will produce co2 so effervescence or fizzing

Chem (28 decks)

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