3.3.9.2 - acylation Flashcards
acyl chlorides have func group ..
-COCl (which contains acyl group COCl)
O
//
C
\
Cl
acyl chloride general formula
RCOCl
naming acyl chlorides
find longest carbon chain and then add oyl chloride
acyl group will alwats be on the end and carbon on acyl grouo is always carbon 1
acyl chloride + water
— > ..
and give observations
carboxylic acid and hcl
vigorous reaction
white misty fumes of hydrogen chloride gas produced
ethanoyl chloride + water –> ….
give observations
ethanoic acid + HCl
vig reaction
white mistry fumes of hydrogen chloride gas
acyl chloride + ammonia produces….
acyl chloride + ammonia –> amide +hcl
ethanoyl chloride + ammonia produces ..
+ give observations
ethanamide + hcl
vigorous reaction
white misty fumes of hydrogen chloride gas produced
amide func group and how it differs from amine
O
//
C
\
NH2
amine doesnt have carbonyl group
acyl chloride + alcohol –> ?
acyl chloride + alcohol –> esters + hydrogen chloride
ethanoyl chloride + methanol produces …
+ observations
methyl ethanoate + hcl
vigorous reaction
white misty fumes of hydrogen chloride gas produced
acyl chloride + primary amine forms?
n - substitued amides
alkyl group is in whats substituted
ethanoyl chloride + methyl amine –>
+ observations
ethanoyl chloride + methyl amine –> N - methyl ethanamide + hcl
vigorous reaction
white misty fumes of hydrogen chloride gas produced
what is an acid anhydride
molecule made from 2 carboxylic acids that are the same
acid anhydrides are names by …
naming known carboxylic acid its made from and removing -acid and adding -anhydride
name this acid anhydride
O
//
H3C - C
\
O
/
H3C - C
\
O
ethanoic anhydride
acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides both react with ammonia, water, alcohol and primary amines
which reacts more vigorously
acyl chlorides
acid anhydride + water –> …
acid anhydride + water –> carboxylic acid
ethanoic anhydride + water forms…
ethanoic acid (2 mol of it)
acid anhydride + ammonia –> …
amides + carboxylic acid
ethanoic anhydride + ammonia forms…
ethanamide + ethanoic acid
acid anhydride + alcohol –> …
ester + carboxylic acid
ethanoic anhydride + methanol forms…
methyl ethanoate + ethanoic acid
acid anhydride + primary amines –> …
n - substitued amides
+ carboxylic acid
ethanoic anhydride + methyl amine forms…
n - methyl ethanamide + ethanooic acid
Ethanooic anhydride is used instead of ethanol chloride in industry bc …
Safer bc it’s less corrosive and doesn’t react vigorously w water
Cheaper
Doesn’t produce harmful HCL gas
Ethanooic anhydride is used instead of ethanol chloride in industry bc …
Safer bc it’s less corrosive and doesn’t react vigorously w water
Cheaper
Doesn’t produce harmful HCL gas
