Organ Transplantation Flashcards
Graft rejection
due to incompatibility of cell surface antigens. HLA proteins of donors tissue are different from recipients
Successful grafting/transplantation
HLA matching of donor and recipient, better chance with syngeneic or autologous transplants. Recipients immune system does not react to graft
Autograft
graft of 1 site to another of same individual
Isograft
graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical
Homograft (allograft)
tissue graft from a donor of the same species as the recipient, but different genetics, have same blood group.
Xenograft
tissue graft or organ transplant from a donor of a different species from a recipient
Re-Transplantation
due to acute/chronic graft failure, rejection or return of primary disease. As survival following transplantation increases, so does need for re-transplantation
3 categories of complications
Procurement & surgical procedure, transplantation, immunosuppressive agents to prevent rejection. Infection and rejection are two main complications.
Immunological graft rejection
Host recognizes transplanted tissue as foreign (antigens) and begins
immune response with antibodies
Transplant Rejection - mediated by antibodies and delayed cellular immune reaction
Non-immunological reasons for graft rejection
ischemic injury, reperfusion injury
Hyperacute rejection (immediate)
immediate reaction (minutes to 48 hours), recipient has antibodies to donors antigens, the organ must be removed
Acute or late rejection (3 months)
all recipients have some amount of acute rejection. symptoms include fever, graft tenderness, fatigue, decreased tolerance or asymptomatic.
Chronic rejection (years)
slow progressive organ failure due to aggregate sum of irreversible immunological & non-immunological injuries to graft over time.
Organ transplant & physical therapy
weakness, DOE (breathlessness), and fatigue are often present, everyday activities may be a challenge. Therapy should focus on function & improved QOL
pre-transplant activity & exercise
important to engage in exercise before transplant, should promote function. Strengthing proximal muscles to support function and accessory respiratory efficiency.
