Endocrine System Flashcards
Exocrine
Secretion into a duct
Distal/downstream organ is target for effect
Endocrine
Secretion into bloodstream
Potentially multiple target organs for effect
Pituitary Gland
“master gland” and composed of anterior and posterior lobe
Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Produces & secretes for bodily functions
6 major hormones
Posterior lobe of pituitary gland
Stores & secretes 2 hormones, ≠ production, Oxytocin & ADH
Thyroid gland
Hormones of metabolism, breathing, heart rate, body weight, muscle strength, body temperature
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive thyroid hormone → over simulation & ↑ body metabolism
Graves disease
Most common form of hyperthyroidism, pressure or pain in eyes, eyelids retract, sensitive to light
Hypothyroidism
Deficiency = slowed body metabolism
Most common thyroid disorder, elevated TSH levels
type 1 hypothyroidism
primary/hormone deficient – result of reduced functional thyroid tissue, 95%
type 2 hypothyroidism
secondary/hormone resistant – inadequate simulation of thyroid gland due to pituitary or hypothalamic disease
parathyroid gland
Secrete PTH = regulation of calcium & phosphorus metabolism
Hyperparathyroidism
Disorder of overactivity of 1 or more of parathyroid glands
Disrupts calcium, phosphate & bone metabolism
Hypoparathyroidism symptoms
Tinging in fingertips, mouth & feet becomes more severe & painful muscle tension, spasms, grimacing, laryngospasm & arrhythmias
Addison’s Disease
Primary adrenal insufficiency, Disorder within adrenal gland = ↓ cortisol & aldosterone production
addison’s disease symptoms
muscle fatigue and weakness, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, fainting, muscle and joint pains
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
stimulates activity in the thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates adrenal glands to release cortisol
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
helps with normal functioning of the male and female reproductive systems
Growth hormone (GH)
fuels childhood growth and helps to maintain tissues and organs throughout life.
luteinizing hormone
plays an important role in sexual development and functioning
Prolactin
responsible for lactation, breast development, and hundreds of other actions needed to maintain homeostasis.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
the opposite of diuresis, to increase water by decreasing amount passed in urine.
Oxytocin
Acts on breast, uterus & chemical messenger to the brain. Role in men (sperm transport and production of testosterone)
Cushing’s syndrome
Hypercortisolism, hyper function of the adrenal gland. Cushing’s syndrome is from the adrenal gland and Cushing’s disease is from the pituitary gland.
Cushing’s syndrome symptoms
muscle weakness, cognitive difficulties, new or worsened high blood pressure, bone loss (OP and fx), slow wound healing
Diabetes insipidus
Kidneys fail to resorb water = dilute urine, excessive thirst, nocturia & dehydration
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Excessive fluid release into system = severe hyponatremia, lethargy, nausea, anorexia & weakness
