Organ Systems Flashcards
Integumentary System
Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury; synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and sweat and oil glands
Skeletal system
Protects and supports body organs & soft tissues, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; bones store minerals, inorganic salts and produce blood cells
Muscular system
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture, and produces heat
Lymphatic system/Immunity
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity; the immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body
Respiratory system
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
Digestive system
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible food stuffs are eliminated as feces
Nervous system
As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
Endocrine system
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.; the hearts pumps blood
Urinary system
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
Male Reproductive system
Overall function is production of offspring; testes produce sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract
Female Reproductive system
Overall function is production of offspring; ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones; the remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus; mammy glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn
what are the 5 main organs/components of the integumentary system?
the skin and various accessory organs, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
what are the 4 main organs/components of the Nervous system?
the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs
what are nerve impulses?
electrochemical signals that nerve cells use within the nervous system organs to communicate with each other and with muscles and glands
a particular hormone affects only a particular group of cells, called its ____ ____
target cells
a hormone alters the ______ of the target cells
metabolism
compared to nerve impulses, hormonal effects occur over…
a relatively long time period
what are the 10 main organs/components of the endocrine
the hypothalamus of the brain; the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands; and the pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus
what are the 5 main organs/components of the cardiovascular system?
the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
blood transports the following:
gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
what are the 5 main organs/components of the lymphatic system?
lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen
cells of the lymphatic system are called ____
lymphocytes
Which cells defend the body against infections by removing disease-causing microorganisms and viruses from tissue fluid
lymphocytes
what two substances are transported by the lymphatic system?
tissue fluid and certain fatty substances from digestive organs
what are the 12 main organs/components of the digestive system?
the mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine
what are the 6 main organs/components of the respiratory system?
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
what are the 4 main organs/components of the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
the final product of the urinary system is ___
urine
what are the 9 main organs/components of the male reproductive system?
scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra
what are the 6 main organs/components of the female reproductive system?
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva
What are the primary functions of the female reproductive system?
to produce and maintain female sex cells (eggs cells and oocytes), to receive sperm cells and transport them and oocytes within the system; also supports the development of embryos and fetuses, and provides the passageway by which the fetus leaves the prenatal environment
What are the primary functions of the male reproductive system?
to produce and maintain sperm cells (spermatozoa) and transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract
