Necessary Life Functions

Question 1

Movement

Answer 1

Includes activities promoted by the muscular system, such as running or swimming and organ systems propelling bodily substances such as blood and urine

Question 2

Responsiveness, or excitability

Answer 2

The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them (e.g. pain, appetite, body temperature, blood oxygen levels, etc.)

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

The breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood; the blood is then distributed to all body cells by the cardiovascular system

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

A broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells; includes catabolism, anabolism, cellular respiration; depends on the digestive, respiratory, & cardiovascular systems, and is regulated by the endocrine system

Question 5

Catabolism

Answer 5

The process of breaking down substances into simpler building blocks

Question 6

Anabolism

Answer 6

The process of synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances

Question 7

Cellular respiration

Answer 7

Using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP, the energy-rich molecules that power cellular activities

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

The process of removing wastes, or excreta, from the body; uses the digestive system, urinary system, and cardiovascular system

Question 9

Reproduction

Answer 9

Occurs at the cellular and organismal level; relies mostly on the male & female reproductive systems, but is regulated by hormones secreted from the endocrine system

Question 10

Growth

Answer 10

An increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

Question 11

The sum total of chemical reactions in the body that brea substances down and build them up constitute___

Answer 11

metabolism

Question 12

the reactions of ____ enable us to acquire and use energy to fuel life processes.

Answer 12

metabolism

Question 13

how are the characteristics of life dependent on metabolism?

Answer 13

we gain energy by taking in or ingesting food, by breaking it down or digesting it, and by absorbing and assimilating it. the absorbed substances circulate throughout the internal environment of our bodies. We can then, by the process of respiration, use the energy in these nutrients for such vital functions as growth and repair of body parts.

Question 14

responsiveness

Answer 14

reaction to a change inside or outside the body

Question 15

growth

Answer 15

increase in body size without change in shape

Question 16

reproduction

Answer 16

production of new organisms and new cells

Question 17

respiration

Answer 17

obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration)

Question 18

absorption

Answer 18

passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids

Question 19

circulation

Answer 19

movement of substances in body fluids

Question 20

assimilation

Answer 20

changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms

Question 21

excretion

Answer 21

removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions

Question 22

the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems, or

Answer 22

homeostatic mechanisms

Question 23

These provide information about specific conditions or stimulate in the internal environment

Answer 23

receptors

Question 24

This tells what a particular value should be, such as body temperature or pH balance

Answer 24

set point

Question 25

These cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment

Answer 25

effectors

Question 26

How does a negative feedback work?

Answer 26

When activated (or deviation resolved), the deviations from the set point is corrected (moves in opposite or negative direction) and the correction reduces the action of the effectors (which prevents an overcorrection)