Organ descriptions Flashcards
Skin layers
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
Epidermis
skin
avascular
protection, waste removal
dermis
skin
vascularized
contains glands
temperature regulation, sensation
hypodermis
not technically skin (subcutaneous tissue)
vascularized
temperature regulation
sudoriferous (sweat) glands
temperature regulation (cooling), waste removal
Sebaceous (oil) glands
protection (oil creates a barrier)
hair
protection,sensation,temp regualtion
nails
protection of the tips of fingers and toes
nose
the organ of olfaction, which also acts as an air passage that warms, moistens, and filters the air on its way to the lungs.
anterior to the nasal cavity
nasal cavity
the space inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth
anterior to the pharynx
pharynx
a passageway for food from the mouth to the oesophagus, and as an air passage from the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx
posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity
larynx
the organ responsible for the production of vocal sounds, also serving as an air passage conveying air from the pharynx to the lungs
superior to the trachea and anterior to the pharynx
trachea
the part of the air passage between the larynx and the main bronchi
inferior to the larynx, medial to the lungs
bronchi (bronchus)
the air passages beyond the trachea (windpipe) that has cartilage and mucous glands in its wall
bronchiole
a subdivision of the bronchial tree that does not contain cartilage or mucous glands in its wall
alveoli (alveolus)
a blind-ended air sac of microscopic size where gas exchange occurs
diaphragm
a thin musculomembranous dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It contracts with each inspiration and relaxes and is restored to its dome shape during expiration
inferior to the other structures of the respiratory system
Superior vena cava
the vein that brings blood into the heart from above
inferior vena cava
the vein that brings blood into the heart from below
right atrium
The chamber superior the right ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the venae cavae
right ventricle
the chamber inferior to the right atrium
pumps blood received from the right atrium into the pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery
the vessel anterior to the other structures of the heart
the artery that conveys blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation
pulmonary vein
vessel on the right and left lateral sides of the heart
a vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium
left atrium
the chamber superior to the left ventricle
the left atrium receives oxygenated blood via the pulmonary vein
left ventricle
the chamber inferior to the left ventricle
receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
aorta
The vessel superior to the other structure of the heart
the main artery of the body, from which all others derive (it sends oxygenated blood to the rest of the arteries for circulation)
Arteries
- Transport blood away from the heart
- Carry oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary artery)
- Do not have valves, have a thicker lumen than veins
- Have higher pressure than veins
Veins
- Have valves (to prevent backflow of blood) and a thinner lumen than arteries
- Transport blood to the heart
- Have lower pressure than arteries
- Carry deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary vein)
Capillaries
- very thin (1 cell thick)
- transport gases, nutrients, and water
Erythrocyte
red blood cells
transport oxygen
Thrombocyte
platelets
cell fragments that form blood clots
Leukocyte
White blood cells
immune cells that fight infection and perform disease protection
Lymph vessel
the structures that transport lymphatic fluid
Lymph fluid
a usually clear fluid that circulates in lymphatic vessels, bathes the cells of the body, and consists of white blood cells and a liquid portion resembling blood plasma
Lymph nodes
any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph passing through the node
Lymph organs
The bodily parts performing a function or cooperating in an activity of the lymphatic system
Lymph tissues
an aggregate of cells involved in the lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
A subtype of white blood cells
Oral Cavity
the area from your teeth to your throat
Superior to the other structures of the digestive system
Salivary Glands
any of various glands that discharge a fluid secretion and especially saliva (a substance that breaks down starches) into the mouth cavity
various locations; sublinguals are inferior to the tongue, Submandibular glands are inferior to the sublingual salivary glands, and the parotid glands are posterior to the oral cavity.
Pharynx
the muscular tubular passage of the digestive and respiratory tracts extending from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus
superior to the esophagus
Esophagus
a muscular tube that conveys food from the mouth to the stomach
inferior to the pharynx, superior to the stomach
Stomach
a saclike expansion of the digestive tract that stores, breaks down, and digests food
inferior to the esophagus and liver, superior to the pancreas, colon, and small intestine
Duodenum
the first part of the small intestine
lateral and inferior to the stomach
Liver
a large very vascular glandular organ of vertebrates that secretes bile and causes important changes in many of the substances contained in the blood
Gallbladder
a membranous muscular sac in which bile from the liver is stored
inferior to the liver