Learning Objectives 3

Question 1

What is the integumentary system composed of

Answer 1

Skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis)
accessory organs-hair, nails, glands (sudoriferous and sebaceous)

Question 2

What are the three layers of the skin? How are these layers structurally different?

Answer 2

Epidermis (skin, avascular)
dermis (skin, vascularized, contains glands)
hypodermis (not technically skin [subcutaneous tissue], vascularized)

Question 3

what are the 4 accessory organs of the skin? What are their functions?

Answer 3

sudoriferous (sweat) glands-(temperature regulation [cooling])
Sebaceous (oil) glands-(protection [oil creates a barrier])
hair-protection
nails-protection of the tips of fingers and toes

Question 4

The functions of the integumentary system? What structures contribute to each of these functions

Answer 4

protection-(epidermis, hair, nails, sebaceous glands)
temperature regulation-(dermis, hair, sudoriferous glands, hypodermis)
sensation-(dermis, hair)
waste removal-(sudoriferous, epidermis)

Question 5

What are keratinocytes? Where are they found in the skin?

Answer 5

Keratinocyte=cell that produces keratin.
They are found in the epidermis, in which they make up 95% of the cells

Question 6

What are basal cells

Answer 6

the cells of the epidermis that make up the lowest of its 5 layers

Question 7

What are squamous cells

Answer 7

the cells that make up the uppermost layer of the epidermis

Question 8

What are melanocytes? Where are they found in the skin?

Answer 8

melanocytes are melanin producing cells that are found in the junction between the dermis and the epidermis.

Question 9

What is melanin? How is it produced? What is its function?

Answer 9

melanin is a skin pigment produced by melanocytes that protects from UV rays

Question 10

How are individuals with darker and lighter skin different in terms of the number of melanocytes and the amount/type of melanin?

Answer 10

Humans all have the same relative number of melanocytes, our range in skin tones can be attributed to a range in the amount and type of melanin that our melanocytes produce. A deeper skin tone is associated with melanocytes that produce more melanin, and that melanin being a darker shade

Question 11

How do non-melanoma and melanoma differ in terms of prevalence and severity?

Answer 11

non-melanoma=most common, less aggressive
melanoma=less common, more aggressive

Question 12

What is the difference between basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma?

Answer 12

basal cell carcinoma-(cancer of the squamous cells, non-melanoma)
squamous cell carcinoma-(cancer of the squamous cells, non-melanoma)
melanoma-(cancer of the melanocytes,
Due to melanocytes being located near the vascularized dermis, metastasis (cancer spreading through the bloodstream) is more likely. This makes treatment more difficult)

Question 13

How can you tell if a mole or skin growth is melanoma?

Answer 13

asymmetry
border irregularity
color changes
diameter is >6mm
evolving appearance

Question 14

What condition does usually erythema indicate?

Answer 14

increased blood in dermis, may be due to inflammation, heat release, or infection

Question 15

What condition does usually pallor indicate?

Answer 15

decreased blood in dermis, may be due to conserving heat, low blood pressure, or anemia

Question 16

What condition does usually cyanosis indicate?

Answer 16

low oxygen, may be due to respiratory or heart problems

Question 17

What condition does usually jaundice indicate?

Answer 17

bilirubin in the blood, may be due to liver disease of blockage of the bile ducts

Question 18

What condition does usually contusion indicate?

Answer 18

rupture of blood vessels, pooling of blood in tissue