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ORG ANA: Pelvic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

where is pelvic cavity lcoated

A

betw pelvic inlet and outlet

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2
Q

what divides the pelvic cavity

A

pelvic diaphragm into main PC and perineum

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3
Q

what does the pelvic cavity contain

A

lower GI tract
distal urinary tract
internal reproductive organs

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4
Q

the pelvic cavity is the cavity of _____

A

the true pelvis

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5
Q

the sigmoid colon is continous w _____

A

rectum at S3

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6
Q

the sigmoid colon is from ____

A

descending colon at pelvic brim

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7
Q

what is the sigmoid colon

A

s shaped and 10-15 in long

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8
Q

what attaches the sigmoid to the posterior wall

A

sigmoid mesocolon

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9
Q

what supplies the sigmoid

A

sigmoid branch of inferior mesenteric artery
drains to inferior mesenteric vein

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10
Q

nerve supply of sigmoid

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

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11
Q

anterior relation of sigmoid colon

A

male - urinary bladder
female - posterior uterus and upper vagina

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12
Q

posterior relations of sigmoid

A

rectum
sacrum
lower ileum

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13
Q

what is volvulus

A

sigmoid rotates counterclockwise around mesentery - blood supply is cut off or ischemia

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14
Q

common site of cancer

A

sigmoid colon

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15
Q

what is diverticula

A

out-pouchings of the wall or mucous membrane ng sigmoid - not really a problem

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16
Q

what is diverticulitis

A

once feces enters diverticula - infflamation and enlarged na may pain

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17
Q

what is the usual presenting symptom of cancer in sigmoid

A

blood in stool

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18
Q

most common cause of LLQ pain

A

diverticulitis

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19
Q

what is colostomy

A

surgical procedure connecting part of colon to opening of abdomen w a stoma

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20
Q

what is the rectum

A

about 5 in; galing sigmoid at S3 tas maging anal canal sa pelvic floor then anus s perineum

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21
Q

lower part of rectum that is dilated

A

rectal ampulla

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22
Q

responsible for producing anorectal angle

A

puborectalis

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23
Q

desrcibe the coverage of rectum

A

covered by peritoneum except sa lower third

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24
Q

arrangement of muscular coat

A

outer - longitudinal
inner - circular

SMOOTH MUSCLES YAN

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25
Q

semicircular permanent folds in the colon

A

houston valves or transverse folds

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26
Q

posterior relationship of rectum

A

sacrum and coccyx
piriformis, coccygeus, levator ani
sacral plexus and sympathetic trunks

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27
Q

anterior relationship of rectum in male

A

upper 2/3 rectum - sigmoid colon, ileum

lower 1/3 of rectum - posterior bladder, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of each prostae

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28
Q

anterior relationship of rectum in female

A

upper 2/3 rectum - sigmoid colon, ileum

lower 1/3 of rectum - posterior vagina

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29
Q

blood supp of rectum

A

superior rectal artery, middle rectal, inferior rectal

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30
Q

nerve supp of rectum

A

inferior hypogastric plexuses - sensitive to stretch only kaya pag may tumor no pain

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31
Q

of the 2 which is sensitive to pain rectum or anal canal

A

anal canal

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32
Q

what is hirschprung’s disease

A

aka primary megacolon - inability to pass out meconium sa infants

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33
Q

where is hirchsprung common

A

male infants

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34
Q

cause of hirschprung’s disease

A

certain nerve cells in the wall of colon does not develop before birth = mag ddilate or ipon yung tae

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35
Q

most common site for hirschprung’s disease

A

rectum

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36
Q

treatment for hirschprung’s disease

A

first stage - relieves intestinal obstruction through colostomy

second stage - remove disease portion of bowel through pull though procedure

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37
Q

the ureters are what type of organ

A

both abdominal and pelvic

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38
Q

what are kidneys

A

reddish brown located retroperitoneal under costal margin

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39
Q

function of kidneys

A

excrete waste from metabolism

control water and electrolyte balance

maintains acid-base balance of blood

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40
Q

what is the hilum

A

slit at medial concave border of kidney

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41
Q

what passes through the hilum

A

renal vein
2 branches renal artery
ureter
3rd branch of renal artery
lymph vessels
sympathetic fibers

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42
Q

what is renal sinus

A

an extension of hilum that contains the renal pelvis

yung major and minor calyces

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43
Q

what makes up the medulla

A

renal pyramids
renal papilla
renal collumns
medullary rays

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44
Q

outer layer of kidney

A

cortex

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45
Q

inner layer of kidney

A

medulla

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46
Q

anterior relationship of R kidney

A

adrenal
liver
2nd part duodenum, right colic flexure

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47
Q

anterior relationship of L kidney

A

adrenal
spleen, pancreas
jejunum, left colic flexure

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48
Q

posterior relationship of R kidney

A

diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of pleura, 12 th rib

psoas, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis muscle, subcostal

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

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49
Q

posterior relationship of L kidney

A

diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of pleura, 11-12 th rib

psoas, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis muscle, subcostal

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

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50
Q

blood supp of kidney

A

renal
segmental
lobar
interlobar
interlobar
interlobular
arcuate

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51
Q

layers that covers the kidney

A

fibrous capsule
perireneal fat
renal fascia
pararenal fat

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52
Q

nerve supp of kidney

A

sympathetic plexus
afferent enters T10-12

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53
Q

what are suprarenal glands

A

yellow retriperotineal organs on top of kidneys

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54
Q

blood supply of suprarenal glands

A

inferior phrenic artery, aorta and renal

IVC on left and renal vein on right

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55
Q

whre na iipit yung kidney stones

A

sa 3 constrictions of ureter

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56
Q

3 constrictions of ureter

A

renal pelvis joins ureter
crosses pelvic brim
pierces bladder

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57
Q

in pelvic area the ureter is crossed by

A

men - ductus deferens
female - uterine women

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58
Q

blood supp of ureter

A

upper - renal art/vein

middle - testicular/ovarian

lower - superior vesical

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59
Q

parts of suprarenal glands

A

cortex - yellow
medulla - dark brown

each is unique in the hormones they produce

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60
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

pyramid shape

A

right

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61
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

crescent shape

A

left

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62
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

on upper pole lng

A

right

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63
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

from upper pole to medial border until hilum

A

left

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64
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

behinds R lobe of liver and IVC

A

right

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65
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

behind pancreas and stomach

A

left

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66
Q

identify if right or left suprarenal

rests post in diaphragm

A

both

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67
Q

function of cortex of adrenal

A

mineral corticoids - fluid electrolyte

glucocorticoids - carbs, fat and protein metabolism

sex hormones - development

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68
Q

function of medulla of adrenal

A

catecholamines - epi and norepi

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69
Q

anterior relationships of R ureter

A

duodenum
terminal ileum
right colic and ileocolic vessel
R testicular/ovarian artery
root of mesenetery of small intestine

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70
Q

posterior relationships of L ureter

A

psoas separate it from lumbar transverse process
bifurcation of left common iliac

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71
Q

anterior relationships of L ureter

A

sigmoid colon and mesocolon
left colic vessesls
L testicular/ovarian vessels

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72
Q

posterior relationships of R ureter

A

psoas separate it from lumbar transverse process
bifurcation of right common iliac

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73
Q

max capacity of bladder

A

500mL

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74
Q

describe the apex of bladder

A

behind symphisis pubis and connected to umbillicus via median umbillical ligament

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75
Q

desribe the base of bladder

A

superolateral angle is joined by ureter and and urethra s baba

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76
Q

what covers superior surface of bladder

A

peritoneum

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77
Q

relation of superior surface of bladder

A

ileum or sigmoid

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78
Q

relation of inferolateral surface of bladder

A

anterior to retropubic fat pad and pubic bone

posterior to obturator internus and levator ani

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79
Q

relations of neck of bladder

A

rests on upper prostate and held in pos by puboprostatic/pubovesical ligament

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80
Q

what is trigone

A

triangular shape ng smooth muscle n may mucous membrane

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81
Q

where does urethra exit

A

lowes point of trigone

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82
Q

significance of oblique orientaion of ureter

A

provides valve like action preventing reverse flow of urine

83
Q

what is detrusor

A

layer of smooth muscle

84
Q

what happems when bladder is stretched

A

signal parasymph nerveous system to contract detrusor and expel urine

85
Q

blood supp of bladder

A

superior and inferior vesical
branchof internal iliac

86
Q

nerve supp of urinary bladder

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

87
Q

explain micturition

A

open internal sphincter autonomically and external voluntarily

88
Q

explain micturition reflex

A

initiated if 300ml is reached

stretch receptors are stimulated = CNS desire to urinate

afferent pass pelvic splachnic and enter S2-L2

detrusor contracts tas sphincter vesicae relax

efferent pass via pudendal and undergo relax

89
Q

what atonic bladder

A

in GSW during spinal shock - bladder is relaxed but sphincter is contract - not aware full bladder

90
Q

where does automatic reflex bladder happen

A

recovered from spinal shock and in infants

dementia and comatose

91
Q

what is automatic reflex bladder happen

A

bladder fills tas empties reflexly

92
Q

what is autonomus bladder

A

walang external reflex control - bladder is flaccid so manual compression para ma empty

93
Q

where does urethra begin

A

base of bladder and ends w opening in perineum

94
Q

describe urethra in women

A

short and prone to UTI

95
Q

what are skenes gland

A

2 paraurethral mucous glands

96
Q

describe urethra in men

A

long mga 20 cm

divided into preprostatic, prostastic and spongy

97
Q

describe preprostatic urethra

A

from bladder neck to superior prostate - 1-1.5

prevents retrograde of semen

98
Q

the preprostatic urethra is associated w ____

A

associated w internal urethral sphincter

99
Q

describe prostatic urethra

A

widest and most dilated - 4cm long

from prostate and pierces ejaculatory duct

100
Q

describe membranous part

A

shortest part - 1-2 cm long

apex of prostate to bulb of penis

101
Q

membranous part is assoc w ______

A

external urethral sphincter and bulbourethral gland posterolat

102
Q

describe spongy urethra

A

longest part and ends at external urethral orifice

recieves openings of urethral glands

103
Q

function of vas deferens

A

conveys mature sperm from epididymis to ejac duct

104
Q

dilated terminal part of vas deferens

A

ampulla of vas deferens

105
Q

what forms ejaculatory duct

A

vas deferens and seminal vesicle

106
Q

what is seminal vescile

A

lobular - produces secretion that is added to seminal fluid for nourishment

107
Q

blood supp of seminal vesicles

A

inferior vesicle and middle rectal artery tas internal iliac vein

108
Q

describe path of jakol duct

A

pierces posterior prostate and opens in prostatic urethra

109
Q

relation of base of prostate

A

lies superiorly s bladder neck

110
Q

relation of apex of prostate

A

lies inferiorly s urogenital diaphragm

111
Q

describe prostate

A

made of numerous bands

112
Q

describe anterior lobe of prostate

A

devoid of glandular tissue; in front urethra

113
Q

describe posterior lobe of prostate

A

behind urethra and below ejac ducts

w gland tissue

114
Q

describe median lobe of prostate

A

betw urethra and ejac ducts; related to trigon

115
Q

describe L and R lateral lobe of prostate

A

separated by vertical groove

116
Q

superior relation of prostate

A

base is continous w neck of bladder

117
Q

inferior relation of prostate

A

lies on upper urogenital diaphragm

118
Q

anterior relation of prostate

A

symphysis pubis - sep by extraperitoneal space at cave of retzius

119
Q

posterior relation of prostate

A

anterior surface of rectal ampulla sep by rectovesical septum

120
Q

function of prostate

A

produces milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase

121
Q

blood supply of prostate

A

inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries

122
Q

nerve of prostate

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

123
Q

where is benign enlargement of prostate common

A

men > 50 yo

124
Q

SSx of BPH

A

intense feeling to pee and difficult to pee weak stream

125
Q

complication of BPH

A

backpressure effect to ureter and kidney _ inferion and inflammation of badder cystitis

126
Q

common lobe of prostatic center

A

posterior lobe

early detection through rectal exam

127
Q

what are bulbourethral glands

A

small pea shape - opens into bulb of spongy urethra

128
Q

where is the ovary found

A

sa ovarian fossa on lateral wall of pelvis

129
Q

what is the suspensory ligament

A

part betw mesovarium and lateral wall of pelvis

130
Q

what is tunica albuginea

A

thin fibrous capsule around ovary

131
Q

wha t is the function of ovaries

A

produces estrogen and progesteron
site of egg production

132
Q

describe is the uterine tube

A

4 inches long and has 4 parts

133
Q

what is infundibulum

A

lateral projections and has a finger like edge called fimbrae - nakuha ng egg

134
Q

what is the ampulla

A

widest part - fertilization takes place

135
Q

what is the isthmus

A

narrowest just lateral uterus

136
Q

what is the intramural part

A

segment that pierces uterine wall

137
Q

function of uterine tube

A

recieves ovum and site of fertilization - transports uterus
passage of sperm

138
Q

blood sup of uterine tube

A

uterine artery

139
Q

nerve of uterine tube

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

140
Q

what is pelvic inflammatory disease

A

pathogen though sexual contacct ascends to uterine tube = salpingitis - pus leak

141
Q

what is ectopic pregnancy

A

ovum occurs outside of uterine cavity - pwd mag rupture tube

142
Q

what is tubal ligation

A

division of uterine tube - permanent birth control

143
Q

describe fundus of uterus

A

lies above entrance of fallopian tube

144
Q

describe body of uterus

A

below entrance of fallopian tube continous w cervix

145
Q

descrive cervix

A

divided into supravaginal and vaginal parts

146
Q

describe cavity of uterus

A

trinagular and communivates w vagina

147
Q

fucntion of uterus

A

retention and nourishment of fertilized ovum

148
Q

anterior relationships of uterus

A

uterovesical pouch and superior surface of bladder

149
Q

posterior relationships of uterus

A

rectouterine pouch or pouch of Douglas
ileum and sigmoid

150
Q

lateral relationships of uterus

A

broad ligament and uterine artery and vein

151
Q

rrelationships of supravaginal cervix

A

ant - sup bladder
laterally - ureter

152
Q

relationships vaginal cervix

A

ant - anterior fornix of vagina
lat - lateral fornix

153
Q

compare anterversion and anteflexion

A

anterversion - uterus is forward 90 deg
anteflexion - uterus bent horizontal - 125

154
Q

compare retroverted and retroflexed

A

retroverted - fundus is bent back ward on vafina
retroflexed - body is bent backward

155
Q

what is myometrium

A

thick smooth muscle

156
Q

what is endometrium

A

mucus lining

157
Q

what is parametrium

A

supravaginal part of cervix surrounded by visceral pelvic fascia; where uterine artery crosses the ureter on each side

158
Q

blood supp of uterus

A

uterine artery and vein

159
Q

nerve of uterus

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

160
Q

what supports the uterus

A

levator ani the 3 ligaments of pelvic fascia

161
Q

what are the 3 ligaments of uterus

A

transverse cervical
pubocervical
sacrocervical

162
Q

attachment of cardinal ligament

A

cerviz to upper vagina and lateral wall of pelvis

163
Q

attachment of pubocervical ligament

A

cervix and posterior surface of pubis

also supports bladder

164
Q

attachment of sacrocervical ligament

A

cervix and lower end of sacrum

165
Q

what triggers onset of labor

A

withdrawal of progesterone

166
Q

discuss initiation of contractions in uterus

A

once the fetal head starts to stretch the cervix - nervous reflex is initiated causing powerful contractions s uterus

167
Q

discus the stages of labor

A

stage 1 - cervix relaxes = dilate

stage 2 - contractions inc in strength and infant is delivered

stage 3 - placenta is expelled

168
Q

what is the vagina

A

3 inches n muscular tube that extends upward into uteris

169
Q

what pierces the anterior wall of vagina

A

cervix pierces the anterior wall

170
Q

loc of upper vagina

A

above pelvic floor

171
Q

loc of lower vagina

A

w/in perineum

172
Q

what are the divisions of vagina

A

aka fornices

anterior
posterior
lateral

173
Q

what is the hymen

A

thin mucosal at vaginal orifice tas perforated yung center

174
Q

anterior rela of vagina

A

bladder and urethra

175
Q

posterior rela of upper vagina

A

rectouterine pouch - douglas

176
Q

posterior rela of middle vagina

A

ampulla of rectum

177
Q

posterior rela of lower vagina

A

perineal body

178
Q

lateral rela of middle vagina

A

anterior fibers of perineal body

179
Q

lateral rela of upper vagina

180
Q

lateral rela of lower vagina

A

urogenital diaphragm and bulb of vestibule

181
Q

functions of vagina

A

part of birth canal

excretory duct for mens

182
Q

blood supp of vagina

A

vaginal artery and plexus of vaginal vein

183
Q

nerve supp of vagina

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

184
Q

support for upper vagina

A

levator ani, cardinal, pubocervical and sacrocervical ligmants

185
Q

support for middle vagina

A

urogenital diaphragm

186
Q

support for lower vagina

A

perineal body

187
Q

loc of peritoneum

A

from anterior abd wall to upper bladder

188
Q

rela of of peritoneum

A

ant - uterus and vagina
post - rectum

189
Q

what is the broad ligament

A

2 layer fold of peritoneum that spans pelvic cavity

190
Q

what is mesometrium

A

largest part

191
Q

what is mesovarium

A

attaches ovary to broad ligament

192
Q

what is mesosalpinx

A

mesentery of fallopian tube; so betw uterine tube nd mesovarium

193
Q

what does broad ligament contain

A

uterine tube
ovary
round ligament
suspensory ligament
uterine and ovarian bv, lymph and nerves

194
Q

what is placenta previa

A

placenta implants sa lower part ng uterus and can cause hemmorhage at 28th wk = expansion of uterine wall

195
Q

what is placental abruption

A

premature separation of placenta sa uterus wall

196
Q

what is culdocentesis

A

since malapit yung perioneal acvity sa posterior fornix -kaya i drain yung pelvic abcess through vagina

197
Q

causes of vaginal trauma

A

coital injury, picket fence impalement, under water pressure

198
Q

1st deg vaginal trauma

A

vaginal mucosa is torn

199
Q

2nd deg vaginal trauma

A

perineal muscles torn

200
Q

3rd deg vaginal trauma

A

anal sphincter torn

201
Q

4th deg vaginal trauma

A

rectum torn

202
Q

complication of laceration of vaginal wall

A

especially posterior fornix - violates pouch of douglas and cause prolapse of small intestine

203
Q

factors that contribute to varicose veins

A

pressure of uterus in preggy sa IVC and inferior mesenteric vein

impaired venous return

inc progesterone elevel = relax smooth muscle of veins nag dilate

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